scholarly journals Prediction of Breakage During Roller Milling of Wheat Kernels, Based on Single Kernel Measurements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Idayu Muhamad ◽  
Chaoying Fang ◽  
Grant M. Campbell

Pengilangan tepung gandum melibatkan pengisaran bijirin secara berulang-kali (menggunakan roller mill) dan pemisahan (secara pengayakan) bagi perolehan semula hasilan tepung yang berkesan yang secara bandingannya bersih dari pencemaran bran. Satu permulaan bagi membina model perlakuan terhadap campuran bijirin gandum ialah keupayaan bagi menentu-ukur kelainan ciri-ciri yang wujud dalam campuran tersebut. Alatan Perten Single Kernel Characterisation System (SKCS) dapat memberikan taburan kuantitatif bagi jisim, kandungan lembapan, garis pusat dan nilai kekerasan bagi campuran bijirin tersebut, berdasarkan pengukuran 300 kernel dalam masa 5 minit. Cabarannya ialah menghubungkaitkan taburan yang telah ditentukur kepada ramalan keupayaan pengilangan. Pada tahap ini, satu bentuk kefungsian pengisaran (breakage function) dalam konteks parameter tentu-ukuran bagi setiap kernel bijirin telah diterbitkan, dan diintegrasi kepada taburan sifat kernel menggunakan persamaan proses pengisaran (breakage equation). Dengan menggunakan model tersebut, satu jangkaan boleh dilakukan ke atas taburan saiz partikel hasil keluaran pengisaran siri pertama atau First Break roller milling bagi kernel bijirin yang berbeza saiz, kekerasan dan kelainannya, berdasarkan hanya pada ciri-ciri taburan yang diberikan oleh SKCS. Model tersebut telah diuji ke atas hasil keluaran pengisaran pada disposisi (roll disposition) pengisaran sharp-to-sharp dan dull-to-dull, dan didapati menunjukkan keseragaman dengan data bebas (independent data). Kata kunci: Tingkah laku pengisaran, taburan saiz partikel, pemecahan, pengujian satu–kernel, bijirin Wheat flour milling involves repeated breakage (by roller milling) and separation (by sifting) of flour particles to give efficient recovery of fine flour relatively free from bran contamination. A starting point for modelling the behaviour of mixtures of wheat kernels is to be able to measure the variation in kernel properties within the mixture. The Perten Single Kernel Characterisation System (SKCS) gives the distributions of kernel mass, moisture content, diameter and hardness within a mixture, from 300 kernels within 5 minutes. A challenge remains to relate these measured distributions to predictions of milling performance. To this end, a breakage function in terms of these measured parameters for individual kernels has been constructed, and integrated over the distribution of kernel properties using the breakage equation. These models allow prediction of the output particle size distribution delivered by First Break roller milling of kernels varying in size, hardness and variety, based entirely on SKCS characteristics. Predictions have been developed for both sharp-to-sharp and dull-to-dull roll dispositions, and show encouraging agreement with independent data. Key words: Milling behaviour, particle size distribution, breakage, single kernel testing, wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 11017
Author(s):  
Lisha Luo ◽  
Zhifu Shen ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Hongmei Gao

Granular material such as clean sand in geotechnical engineering is characterized by structured internal deformation pattern and some interesting particle arrangement patterns. This study focuses on the evolution of the fraction of rattling particles in deviator deformation until the critical state. Numerical simulations using the discrete element method reveal the presence of rattling particles (with zero or only one contact with neighbouring particles) even in a very dense packing system. The results show that the initial fraction of rattling particles depends on sample density and particle size distribution. With the increase of deviator strain, the number and volume fractions of rattling particles gradually approach a steady critical state from either a loose or a dense starting point. An effective void ratio, which is calculated by treating rattling particles as voids, can be viewed as new state parameter describing the effective packing density of sands. Besides, the rattling behaviour strongly depends on particle size distribution.


2021 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Nemanja Bojanic ◽  
Aleksandar Fistes ◽  
Tatjana Dosenovic ◽  
Aleksandar Takaci ◽  
Mirjana Brdar ◽  
...  

A method based on the reverse breakage matrix approach is proposed for controlling the effects that milling has on the particle size distribution and composition of the comminuted material. Applicability, possibilities, and limitations of the proposed method are tested on examples related to the process of wheat flour milling. It has been shown that the reverse matrix approach can be successfully used for defining the particle size distribution of the input material leading to the desired, predetermined particle size and compositional distribution in the output material. Moreover, we have illustrated that it is possible to simultaneously control both, input and output particle size distribution, together with the composition of the output material.


Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Carcea ◽  
Valeria Turfani ◽  
Valentina Narducci ◽  
Sahara Melloni ◽  
Vincenzo Galli ◽  
...  

Wholegrain wheat flours are in great demand from consumers worldwide because they are considered healthier then refined flours. They can be obtained by either stone milling, which is experiencing a revival in Europe, or roller milling. In order to study compositional differences due to the milling technology and to explore the possibility of a better qualification of wholegrain flours by means of nutritionally oriented quality parameters, eight mixes of soft wheat grains were stone milled and roller milled and the milling products were analyzed for their protein, ash, lipids, total dietary fibre, total polyphenols and alkylresorcinols content. A wholegrain flour milled with a laboratory disk mill was used as a comparison and a set of seven wholegrain flours purchased on themarket were also analyzed and compared. The particle size distribution of stone milled and recombined roller milled flour was also studied. Considering the above mentioned parameters, we found that there is no compositional difference between a stone milled or a roller milled flour if, in this latter one, the milling streams are all recombined, but the particle size distribution was different. This might have an impact on the technological quality of flours and on the bioavailability of components.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Sophian Mohd Kasihmuddin ◽  
Zaidi Che Cob

Trait assessment is an alternative but effective method of biomonitoring benthic community in ecosystem, but it was rarely done in Malaysia. An assessment was done to identify the dominant sub-traits, or modalities, within benthic community in seafloor northwards of Pulau Indah, Klang, Malaysia, and to establish possible correlation between modalities with environmental parameters measured in the area. Sampling was conducted in November 2018, during Northwest Monsoon season. Sediments were obtained by using a Ponar Grab and filtered through 500 μm sieve. Sediments were subjected into Loss of Ignition method to extract organic carbon, and filtration method to determine particle size distribution percentages. 37 taxa were recorded in this study, totalling to 848 individuals. Traits assessment indicated vermiform body shape, direct larval development, deposit feeder, non-motile, asexual reproduction, and second-order opportunistic group as most dominant modalities in the study area. Station 1 recorded highest macrobenthos density (21000 ind./m2), while station 5 recorded highest diversity (H’=2.19). Functional diversity (FD) for reproduction method was highest in station 1 (FD=0.61), ecological group in station 4 (FD=0.73); body shape (FD=0.56) and larval development (FD=0.63) in station 5, and lastly, adult mobility (FD=0.70) and feeding mode (FD=0.66) in station 6. Principal component analysis showed Station 1 has most modalities attributed towards it. Pearson correlation analysis suggested particle size distribution as major connector for most modalities (P=0.05). As BTA study is still new in Malaysian waters, it could serve as a good starting point for future assessment related to ecological functioning of benthic community in Malaysian seafloor.


2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Shota Ohki ◽  
Shingo Mineta ◽  
Mamoru Mizunuma ◽  
Soichi Oka ◽  
Masayuki Tsuda

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