Simulation of Groundwater Flow and Pollutant Transport for Alluvial Aquifer in Kampung Tekek, Tioman Island

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhan Abd. Rahman ◽  
Woei–Keong Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Pollutant Transport ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Visual Modflow ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Potential Contaminant

Pulau Tioman terletak di pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Akibat pembangunan yang pesat dalam industri pelancongan, permintaan terhadap bekalan air dijangka akan meningkat di pulau ini. Daripada kajian yang telah dijalankan sebelumnya, didapati airbumi merupakan sumber air yang berpotensi. Satu perisian model 3–dimensi (Visual MODFLOW) telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan model aliran airbumi dan pengangkutan bahan pencemar di Kampung Tekek dengan tujuan meramal simpanan airbumi dan penyebaran bahan pencemar, iaitu nitrat, semasa pengepaman. Daripada keputusan simulasi aliran airbumi yang diperolehi, pengepaman akuifer di Kampung Tekek dapat mencapai pada kadar 4000 m3/hari. Kajian model bahan pencemar menunjukkan kepekatan bahan pencemar nitrat yang tercatat di telaga pam didapati agak rendah dan memenuhi piawaian air minuman World Health Organisation (WHO). Kata kunci: Aliran airbumi, bahan pencemar, model numerik, Visual MODFLOW, pulau Tioman Island is situated in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. With rapid growth in tourism industry, the demand for water supply is expected to increase in this island. From previous studies, groundwater was found to be a potential source of water. A 3–dimensional numerical modelling software (Visual MODFLOW) is used to simulate the groundwater flow and pollutant transport of the aquifer in Kampung Tekek, for the prediction of available yield of groundwater, and also for studying the migration of potential contaminant source, i.e. nitrate, due to the withdrawal. The groundwater flow simulation results showed that the aquifer is capable of pumping 4000 m3/day. Results of pollutant transport modelling showed that the estimated concentration of nitrate in the pump well is generally low and complies with World Health Organisation (WHO) standard for drinking water. Key words: Groundwater flow, pollutant transport, numerical model, Visual MODFLOW, island

Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hardy
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Director General ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Complex Technology ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Industry Sectors

In the past twenty years we have seen changes in technology that have reconfigured the way in which tourists plan, travel, reflect and share experiences. These changes have caused us to reconsider how tourists travel and how they make decisions, as well as how destinations market themselves. The now ubiquitous use of mobile phones has been documented as being a major influence (Wang, Park and Fesenmaier, 2012). Yet, while large swathes of research have focused on the use of technology and the impact that technology has had upon tourists’ decision making, there is comparatively far less research that concentrates on using technology to understand where tourists travel to, and how they move between destinations and attractions. The tourism industry has been documented as lagging far further behind than other industries in its use of technology, particularly that which delivers research insights (Eccleston, Hardy and Hyslop, 2020). The reasons for this have not yet been explored in great detail, but they are quite possibly due to the fact that the tourism industry is dominated by small to medium sized businesses whose capacity for expenditure on the use of technology and research is limited, relative to other industry sectors such as mining and forestry. A second reason is that tourism is reliant on an element that is often far harder to control – people. Unlike sectors that use biological elements as their key resources, and can place sensors where needed without requiring consent, tourism’s reliance on humans and their interaction with technology makes tracking far more complex. A third reason is that tourism arguably lags behind other sectors because the methods available to the industry to track and understand mobility involve complex technology, and different methods require specialist analytical skills. The Director General of the World Health Organisation, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, argued that decision makers are facing an ‘infodemic’ as a result of large swathes of data being made available in order to assist understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic (Zarocostas, 2020). The plethora of options facing the industry in regards to which technology to use and how, is undoubtedly adding to this lag.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS MIGRATION IN AN UNCONFINED AQUIFER USING MODFLOW AND MT3DMS / FOSFORO PERNAŠOS VANDENINGAJAME HORIZONTE MODELIAVIMAS MODFLOW IR MT3DMS PROGRAMOMIS / МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕНОСА ФОСФОРА С ПОДЗЕМНЫМИ ВОДАМИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПРОГРАММ MODFLOW И MT3DMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Saghravani ◽  
Sa’ari B. Mustapha ◽  
Shaharin B. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd. Kamil Yusoff ◽  
Seyed Fazlolah Saghravani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Visual Modflow ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Increasing Demand

The rapid rate of urbanization and increasing demand for water in agriculture and industry are the reasons for considering groundwater as a main source of water. This can be a prologue to contamination of groundwater. Phosphorus as a type of nutrient that is derived from fertilizers has adverse effect on surface and subsurface water. The aim of this study was to monitor groundwater quality and the fate of contamination via three dimensional finite-different groundwater flow simulation (i.e. Visual MODFLOW version 4.2.). The study area was the campus of University Putra Malaysia. The monitoring indicated that the concentration of phosphorus is higher than those imposed by the standard of the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Results of contamination transport modelling revealed the different rates of phosphorus transport in layers at the end of simulation period. Santrauka Staigi urbanizuotų teritorijų plėtra bei padidėjęs vandens poreikis žemės ūkyje ir pramonėje yra pagrindinės priežastys, lemiančios galimą požeminio vandens užtaršą. Fosforas, patekęs į aplinką tręšiant dirvą, neigiamai veikia ir antžeminius, ir požeminius vandenis. Darbo tikslas buvo stebėti požeminio vandens kokybės ir teršalų tolesnio sklidimo kitimą mode-liuojant požeminio vandens tėkmę Visual MODFLOW vs. 4.2. programa. Tyrimų vieta pasirinkta Malaizijos Putros universiteto teritorijoje. Atlikus teritorijos stebėseną nustatyta, kad fosforo koncentracija yra didesnė nei nustatyta Malaizijos aplinkosaugos departamento standarte. Galutiniai fosforo pernašos modeliavimo duomenys rodė, kad skirtinguose tyrimo sluoksniuose fosforo pernaša skirtinga. Резюме Быстрое расширение урбанизированных территорий, а также возросшая потребность в воде в сельском хозяйствеи промышленности являются основными причинами возможного загрязнения подземных вод. Фосфор, попавший в окружающую среду при удобрении почв, отрицательно воздействует как на наземные, так и на подземные воды.Целью работы было проследить дальнейшее изменение качества подземных вод и дальнейшую судьбу загрязняющих веществ, благодаря моделированию течения подземных вод с помощью программы Visual MODFLOW vs.4.2. В качестве места исследований была выбрана территория университета Путра в Малайзии. Исследованием названной территории установлено, что концентрация фосфора на ней выше установленной стандартом Малазийского департамента окружающей среды. Окончательные данные моделирования переноса фосфора показали также, что перенос фосфора в разных слоях исследуемой территории является разным.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

A Collaborative Study to Establish an International Standard for Alpha-Thrombin

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A B Heath ◽  
J W Fenton II
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
And Control

SummarySince 1975 an International Standard for Thrombin of low purity has been used. While this standard was stable and of value for calibrating thrombins of unknown potency the need for a pure a-thrombin standard arose both for accurate calibration and for precise measurement of thrombin inhibitors, notably hirudin. An international collaborative study was undertaken to establish the potency and stability of an ampouled pure a-thrombin preparation. A potency of 97.5 international units (95% confidence limits 86.5-98.5) was established for the new a-thrombin standard (89/ 588) using a clotting-assay procedure. Stability data at various elevated temperatures indicated that the standard could be transported and stored with no significant loss of potency.Ampoules of lyophilised a-thrombin (coded 89/588) have been recommended as an International Standard for a-thrombin with an assigned potency of 100 international units per ampoule by the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Thrombin and its Inhibitors Sub-Committee) in Barcelona, Spain in July 1990 while the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation and Control of the World Health Organisation will consider its status at its next meeting in Geneva in 1991.

ANTARA SUNNAH DAN TRADISI (Khitan Muallaf Perempuan Baligh di Jayapura, Papua)

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Hendra Yulia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health

Masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya khususnya yang bergama Islam, memiliki kebiasaan mengkhitankan anak perempuannya dan memandang ini sebagai sunnah, hal ini juga dilakukan masyarakat di negara-negara lain yang memiliki penduduk pemeluk agama Islam. Pada umumnya masyarakat megkhitankan anak perempuannya, ketika masih bayi dan meyakininya sebagai bentuk kewajiban dari perintah agama. Badan kesehatan dunia World Health Organisation (WHO) melakukan pelarangan segala bentuk khitan pada perempuan, karena dianggap sebagai bentuk kekerasan pada perempuan dengan menyakiti dan merusak alat reproduksi perempuan. Khitan perempuan dianggap sebagai tradisi yang sudah lama ada tengah-tengah masyarakat baik yang muslim maupun yang non muslim, yang dalam pelaksanaannya lebih dimaksudkan sebagai upaya pengontrolan seksualitas perempuan. Muallaf perempuan baligh khususnya di wilayah kota Jayapura, Papua rata-rata melakukan khitan, yang menurut mereka merupakan bagian dari perintah agama. Bahwasanya khitan muallaf perempuan baligh di kota Jayapaura merupakan sebuah tradisi yang terus berlangsung, dan tradisi tersebut sejalan dengan sunnah.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Osseointegrated Implants: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Matheus Marquez Cruvinel Santos ◽  
◽  
Flávio Barros da Silva ◽  
Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho ◽  
Elias Naim Kassis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women

The most common bone disorder found by implant dentists is osteoporosis, which is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with aging, which is characterized by loss of bone mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The World Health Organisation has defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density level greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young normal women. After 60 years of age, a third of the population have this disorder, it occurs twice as often in women than in men. It is estimated that 1.3 million fractures and 133,000 all hip fractures occur every year as a result of osteoporosis. This study aimed to discuss aspects of the pharmacological action of Bisphosphonates (BP) and their influence on the bone tissue when associated with treatment with dental implants. There are several types of treatments that prevent or prevent the progression of osteoporosis. So, BP, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of bone resorption. Act as controlling the development of osteoporosis by increasing the process of bone density and decrease its reabsorption, often acting as supporting the process of osseointegration of dental implants.

Use of Phosphatidylcholine in the Treatment of Localized Fat Deposits. Results and expectations

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Berbece ◽  
Dan Iliescu ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Alexandru Nicolau ◽  
Radu Cristian Jecan
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Over Time

Obesity represents a global health problem. According to the latest studies released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1.7 billion currently in excess of normal weight individuals, of which approx. 75% are overweight (body mass index - BMI 25 to 30). The common form of excess adipose tissue manifestation in overweight individuals is localized fat deposits with high (abdominal) or low (buttocks and thighs) disposition. Although the overweight can be corrected relatively easy by changing behavioral habits or food, a constant physical exercises program or following a diet food are not accessible to all through the efforts of will, financial and time involved. Several methods have been studied and tested over time to eliminate more or less invasive fat deposits with varying efficacy and adverse effects. Chemical lipolysis using phosphatidylcholine as the basic substance was initially used in hypercholesterolemia and its complications and was rapidly adopted in mesotherapy techniques for the treatment of fat deposits. This study reveals the results obtained using Dermastabilon on a sample of 16 patients, the time allocated to treatment and discomfort being minimal, and rapid and notable results. There were no side effects.

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