Penyediaan dan Pencirian Membran Pertukaran Kation dengan Resin untuk Proses Elektrodialisis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadevan. M. ◽  
Lay Pee Lin ◽  
Zainal Abidin M. Y. ◽  
Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Elektrodialisis merupakan suatu proses yang menggunakan perbezaan keupayaan elektrik sebagai daya penggerak yang menyebabkan pergerakan ion-ion dalam sesuatu elektronit. Membran yang digunakan dalam proses ini akan membenarkan sama ada cas-cas positif atau negatif sahaja melaluinya bergantung kepada kumpulan berfungsi yang terikat pada membran. Objektif projek penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan membran pertukaran kation yang digunakan dalam proses elektrodialisis. Membran-membran pertukaran kation yang dihasilkan terbahagi kepada lima jenis, dan diberi nama sebagai BERL–30, 40, 50, 60, dan 70. Kelima-lima jenis membran ini berbeza dari segi kandungan resin yang berfungsi sebagai vektor pertukaran cas kation. Di samping penyediaan membran, penyelidikan ini juga meliputi aspek pencirian membran tersebut serta perbandingan dengan membran komersial. Kriteria yang dikaji adalah ketebalan membran, sifat kebolehtelapan membran, kapasiti pertukaran ion, kapasiti kepekatan ion kumpulan berfungsi, morfologi struktur membran, ujian kestabilan kimia dan kandungan air membran. Secara keseluruhannya, didapati peratus kandungan resin yang tinggi boleh meningkatkan kapasiti pertukaran ion, peratus kebolehtelapan membran serta kapasiti kepekatan ion kumpulan berfungsi. Antara membran yang dihasilkan, membran pertukaran kation jenis BERL–70 merupakan membran yang berpotensi dalam penggunaan proses elektrodialisis. Kata kunci: Membran pertukaran kation, polisulfona, resin pertukaran ion, ciri-ciri membran, elekrodialisis The objective of this work is to prepare an anion exchange membrane from polysulfone binder–ion exchange resin, which can be used in electrodialysis process. The cation exchange membranes were prepared by the solution casting method. The prepared anion exchange membranes are different from the conventional cation exchange membranes because its functional group is not derived from chlorosulfonic acid but from the absorption of anion exchange resins. The content of resins in each set of the prepared cation exchange membrane varied and were named as BERL–30, 40, 50, 60, and 70. In addition, the performance and behaviour of the prepared anion exchange membrane were evaluated and compared with the commercial cation exchange membranes. The physico-chemical properties of anion exchange membrane were determined by measuring the membrane thickness, permselectivity, and concentration of ion exchange capacity, chemical stability, water content, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the increase in the quantity of resin (%) would increase the capacity of ion exchange, percentage of permselectivity, and capacity concentration of ion exchange group. The experimental results showed that cation exchange membrane has the potential to be used in electrodialysis process. Keywords: Cation exchange membrane, electrodialysis, polysulfone, ion exchange resin, membrane characterisation

scholarly journals Custom-Made Ion Exchange Membranes at Laboratory Scale for Reverse Electrodialysis

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Villafaña-López ◽  
Daniel M. Reyes-Valadez ◽  
Oscar A. González-Vargas ◽  
Victor A. Suárez-Toriello ◽  
Jesús S. Jaime-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Salinity gradient power is a renewable, non-intermittent, and neutral carbon energy source. Reverse electrodialysis is one of the most efficient and mature techniques that can harvest this energy from natural estuaries produced by the mixture of seawater and river water. For this, the development of cheap and suitable ion-exchange membranes is crucial for a harvest profitability energy from salinity gradients. In this work, both anion-exchange membrane and cation-exchange membrane based on poly(epichlorohydrin) and polyvinyl chloride, respectively, were synthesized at a laboratory scale (255 c m 2) by way of a solvent evaporation technique. Anion-exchange membrane was surface modified with poly(ethylenimine) and glutaraldehyde, while cellulose acetate was used for the cation exchange membrane structural modification. Modified cation-exchange membrane showed an increase in surface hydrophilicity, ion transportation and permselectivity. Structural modification on the cation-exchange membrane was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. For the modified anion exchange membrane, a decrease in swelling degree and an increase in both the ion exchange capacity and the fixed charge density suggests an improved performance over the unmodified membrane. Finally, the results obtained in both modified membranes suggest that an enhanced performance in blue energy generation can be expected from these membranes using the reverse electrodialysis technique.

scholarly journals Enhancing Ion Transfer in Overlimiting Electrodialysis of Dilute Solutions by Modifying the Surface of Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pismenskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Melnik ◽  
Ekaterina Nevakshenova ◽  
Kseniya Nebavskaya ◽  
Victor Nikonenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The desalination of dilute NaCl solutions with heterogeneous Russian commercial and modified ion-exchange membranes was studied in a laboratory cell imitating desalination channels of large-scale electrodialysers. The modification was made by casting a thin film of a Nafion-type material on the surface of cation-exchange membrane, and by processing with a strong polyelectrolyte the surface of anion-exchange membrane. It was shown that the modifications resulted in an increase of mass transfer coefficient and in a decrease in water splitting rate, both by up to 2 times. The effect of mass transfer growth is explained by higher surface hydrophobicity of the modified membrane that enhances electroconvection. The decrease in water splitting rate in the case of cation-exchange membrane is due to homogenization of its surface layer. In the case of anion-exchange membrane the effect is due to grafting of quaternary ammonium bases onto the original membrane surface layer. The suppression of water splitting favors development of electroconvection. In turn, intensive electroconvection contributes to deliver salt ions to membrane surface and thus reduces water splitting.

Evaluation of catalysts and membranes for high yield biohydrogen production via electrohydrogenesis in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs)

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoan Cheng ◽  
Bruce E. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Electrolysis Cells ◽  
Microbial Electrolysis ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Hydrogen gas can be produced from fermentation end products such as acetic acid through the electrohydrogenesis process in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). In many MEC reactors, precious metal catalysts and expensive cation exchange membranes are often used. Here we examine Co- and FeCo-based alternatives to Pt, and compare the performance of an anion exchange membrane with that of a cation exchange membrane (Nafion™ 117). It is found that these alternative catalysts have 40–80% better performance than uncatalysed surfaces, but they do not equal the performance of Pt based on our electrochemical tests using cyclic voltammetry. It was also found that the anion exchange membrane (AEM) performance was equal to that of cation exchange membrane (CEM) at applied voltages of 600 mV or less in MEC tests, but that it exceeded performance of the CEM at voltages above 600 mV. These results demonstrate choosing catalysts will require both analysis of performance and materials costs, but that performance is improved for producing H2 gas in MECs using AEMs.

An integrally thin skinned asymmetric architecture design for advanced anion exchange membranes for vanadium flow batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (33) ◽  
pp. 16948-16952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daishuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Yan ◽  
Gaohong He ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Xinhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Exchange Membrane

We proposed an integrally thin skinned asymmetric anion exchange membrane with sufficiently low ion exchange capacity for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs), and this work provides new insights into the design, fabrication and commercialization of ion exchange membranes for VFBs.

scholarly journals Inorganic Pseudo Ion Exchange Membranes—Concepts and Preliminary Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Veerman ◽  
Damnearn Kunteng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Silver Plate ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a method to produce electricity from the reversible mixing of two salt solutions with different concentrations. RED was first employed for energy generation using sea and river water. New fields of application are energy storage and heat-to-power conversion. In energy storage applications, a stack operates in ED mode during charge and in RED mode during discharge. In a heat-to-power system, the RED stack produces electricity and the outgoing solutions are returned to their original concentrations in a heat-driven regenerator. In both new applications, the salt solutions are circulated and there is a free choice of the combination of salt and membranes for optimal performance. However, classical polymer-based membranes have some disadvantages: they are less suited for operation at higher temperatures, have reduced permselectivity at higher concentrations, and are rather permeable to water, causing an imbalance of the feed waters. We developed a new concept of pseudo-membrane (PM): a metal sheet (sometimes covered with an insoluble salt) on which opposite electrochemical reactions occur at each side of the metal surface. Because a PM is dissolving at one side and growing at the other side during operation, the current should be inverted periodically. We tested a zinc sheet as a pseudo cation exchange membrane for Zn2+ ions and a silver chloride–covered silver plate as a pseudo anion exchange membrane for Cl− ions in three steps. First, a stack was built with Ag/AgCl membranes in combination with normal cation exchange membranes and operated with NaCl solutions. The next stack was based on Zn membranes together with normal anion exchange membranes. This stack was fed with ZnCl2 solutions. Finally, we tested a stack with zinc and Ag/AgCl pseudo-membranes with a ZnCl2 solution. The latter RED system worked; however, after standing for one night, the stack did not function and appeared to be damaged by redox reactions. This failure was the basis for general considerations about the possibilities of ED and RED hybrid stacks, consisting of a combination of classical and pseudo ion exchange membranes. Finally, we consider the possibility of using intercalation electrodes as a pseudo-membrane.

scholarly journals Batch Electrodialysis of Lactic Acid Obtained from Lab Fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lech ◽  
Anna Trusek
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Batch Processes ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop the method of lactic acid (LA) separation from fermented whey. CMI-7000 Cation Exchange Membrane and AMI-7001 Anion Exchange Membrane were employed in electrodialysis process. Experiments showed that the selected membranes separated organic acids effectively (including LA) from other organic ingredients present in medium. Selecting an appropriate volume of a receiving chamber could lead to LA concentration. Moreover, membrane fouling during separation was investigated. This phenomenon is negligible which is the main advantage of this process. As it was shown during batch processes, with the voltage increase, the rate of electrodialysis increases as well. It prompts to a reduction of residence time in electrodialyzer during a continuous separation.

scholarly journals A Raman spectro-microscopic investigation of ETFE-based radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (75) ◽  
pp. 47726-47737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Hin Lee ◽  
Carol Crean ◽  
John R. Varcoe ◽  
Rachida Bance-Soualhi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Raman spectro-microscopy on a radiation-grafted anion-exchange membrane detected alkali degradation throughout its cross-section that quantitatively matched loss of ion-exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Electrodialysis Desalination Performance of Novel Bioinspired and Conventional Ion Exchange Membranes with Sodium Chloride Feed Solutions

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
AHM Golam Hyder ◽  
Brian A. Morales ◽  
Malynda A. Cappelle ◽  
Stephen J. Percival ◽  
Leo J. Small ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Cation Exchange Membrane ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Electrodialysis (ED) desalination performance of different conventional and laboratory-scale ion exchange membranes (IEMs) has been evaluated by many researchers, but most of these studies used their own sets of experimental parameters such as feed solution compositions and concentrations, superficial velocities of the process streams (diluate, concentrate, and electrode rinse), applied electrical voltages, and types of IEMs. Thus, direct comparison of ED desalination performance of different IEMs is virtually impossible. While the use of different conventional IEMs in ED has been reported, the use of bioinspired ion exchange membrane has not been reported yet. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ED desalination performance differences between novel laboratory‑scale bioinspired IEM and conventional IEMs by determining (i) limiting current density, (ii) current density, (iii) current efficiency, (iv) salinity reduction in diluate stream, (v) normalized specific energy consumption, and (vi) water flux by osmosis as a function of (a) initial concentration of NaCl feed solution (diluate and concentrate streams), (b) superficial velocity of feed solution, and (c) applied stack voltage per cell-pair of membranes. A laboratory‑scale single stage batch-recycle electrodialysis experimental apparatus was assembled with five cell‑pairs of IEMs with an active cross-sectional area of 7.84 cm2. In this study, seven combinations of IEMs (commercial and laboratory-made) were compared: (i) Neosepta AMX/CMX, (ii) PCA PCSA/PCSK, (iii) Fujifilm Type 1 AEM/CEM, (iv) SUEZ AR204SZRA/CR67HMR, (v) Ralex AMH-PES/CMH-PES, (vi) Neosepta AMX/Bare Polycarbonate membrane (Polycarb), and (vii) Neosepta AMX/Sandia novel bioinspired cation exchange membrane (SandiaCEM). ED desalination performance with the Sandia novel bioinspired cation exchange membrane (SandiaCEM) was found to be competitive with commercial Neosepta CMX cation exchange membrane.

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