Non-Formal Education and its Role in Establishing a Democratic Culture within Indonesian Heterogeneous Society

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangatas Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
General Education ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
Democracy Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Living Skills

Artikel ini membincangkan peranan pendidikan non–formal bagi membentuk budaya demokrasi dalam satu masyarakat majmuk, khasnya dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Hari ini, demokrasi semakin menjadi pusat perhatian, kerana berbagai–bagai negara tengah mempersiapkan diri untuk menjadi sebuah negara demokratik. Namun demikian, aspek–aspek pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang berhubungkait dengan demokrasi belum sampai ke tahap yang membanggakan. Bagi mencapai matlamat agar memiliki kefahaman yang lebih tinggi mengenai demokrasi ini, maka pendidikan sivik (kewarganegaraan) menerusi pendidikan non–formal perlu dijalankan dan digalakkan. Hakikatnya, di negara–negara berkembang termasuk di Indonesia, pelaksanaan pendidikan demokrasi menghadapi pelbagai masalah. Hal ini wujud, kerana didapati majoriti masyarakatnya masih rendah tahap pendidikan formalnya. Oleh itu, bagi mencapai kejayaan pembangunan demokrasi ini terutama pada masa globalisasi dan demokratisasi, maka peranan pendidikan umum, khususnya menerusi pendidikan non–formal telah dikuatkuasakan sebagai satu cara untuk mempertingkatkan kepercayaan, perhatian, pengetahuan, sikap, nilai–nilai, norma, dan tingkah laku masyarakat. Kata kunci: Pendidikan non-formal; demokrasi; budaya demokrasi; masyarakat majmuk This paper highlights the role of non–formal education in establishing a democratic culture particularly; within the Indonesian heterogeneous society. Democracy is in the center of attention because many nations today are preparing themselves to be democratic even though their knowledge and experiences dealing with democracy are still inadequate. The implementation of civic education in the form of non–formal is necessary in order to have a letter understanding democracy. Generally, the main contraint of the implementation of democracy education in developing countries is the low level of formal education of the peoples. Therefore, for the establishment of a proper democratic culture in this era of globalization and democratization, the role of general education, particularly, non–formal education has been accepted by all nations as an instrument to enhance societal beliefs, awareness, concerns, knowledge, attitudes, values, norm, living skills and even behavior. Key words: Non-formal education; Democracy; Democratic culture; Heterogeneous society

scholarly journals Integrando escolas e universidade em Sergipe: uma oficina temática sobre aves no Busão da Ciência do Agreste e do Sertão

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Cleverton Da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Santos Do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Scientific Education ◽  
Education Science

<p>Este trabalho apresenta resultados relativos à realização de uma oficina com o tema “Aves: funções e serviços ecossistêmicos” desenhada para ensinar estudantes acerca do papel funcional de diferentes espécies de aves nos ecossistemas. As oficinas consideram os objetivos de educação não formal e divulgação científica do Projeto Ciência sobre Rodas: Busão da Ciência do Agreste e do Sertão. O projeto Busão da Ciência reúne licenciandos e pesquisadores para promover em cidades do interior do estado de Sergipe discussões sobre temas científicos das disciplinas Biologia, Química, Geografia e Física. As oficinas de Biologia focam no tema das funções e serviços ecossistêmicos, que ocupa hoje um lugar central nas pesquisas em ecologia. Neste trabalho, apresentamos o Projeto Busão da Ciência do Agreste e do Sertão, discutimos os ganhos na aprendizagem dos estudantes como resultado das oficinas de Biologia e defendemos mais articulação das modalidades formal e não formal de educação científica como um dos compromissos das universidades.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Educação não formal, Ecologia, Biodiversidade.</p><p><strong>Integrating schools and a university in Sergipe: thematic workshop on birds on the Education Science Bus of the Semiarid Regions</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This paper presents results related to the production of one workshop with the theme “Birds: ecosystem functions and services” designed to teach about the functional role of different species of birds in ecosystems. The workshops consider the non-formal education goals and scientific dissemination of the “Science on Wheels: bus of Science of the Agreste and Sertão Project”. The project gathers undergraduates and researchers to promote discussions on scientific topics of biology, chemistry, geography and physics in cities in the state of Sergipe. The Biology workshops focus on the theme of the functions and ecosystem services, which now occupies a central place in the ecology research. In this paper, we present the Science on Wheels Project and discuss the gains in student learning as a result of Biology workshops and advocate more coordination of formal and non-formal forms of scientific education as one of the commitments of universities.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Non-formal education, Ecology, Biodiversity.</p>

scholarly journals Peran Biaya Operasional Pendidikan terhadap Output Pendidikan

MANAZHIM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imad ◽  
Hamdan Herdiawan
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Average Value ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Education Costs ◽  
High Educational

Operational Education Costs are one of the most important instrumental input components in the administration of education. The education process cannot run without the support of operational costs. Madrasah Aliyah is a formal education unit under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion which organizes general education with the distinctiveness of the Islamic religion at the secondary education level. Educational activities carried out by schools including Madrasah Aliyah must be based on the educational goals to be achieved. One of the achievement of educational goals can be seen from the results of learning or educational output. Parents of students dare to pay high education costs not to obtain low educational output, but they want high educational output. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the operational costs of education on educational output in Madrasah Aliyah in Cimahi. This research uses descriptive study method, because the problem under study is an actual and factual so that the researcher is able to study intensively about the background of the present situation. In this study the authors used several data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation studies. In this study there are 2 Aliyah Madrasas which are used as sample objects for comparison so that researchers know the role of educational operational costs to educational output, namely Madrasah Aliyah Mutiteknik Asih Putera and Madrasah Aliyah Al-Farisy. While the educational output in this study is seen from the average value of NEM for the National Examination of students from each school. From various data obtained by the author about the object of research, the results of the study indicate that the role of operational operational costs in this research has an influence on educational output. This means that high operational costs of education on average result in better educational outputs.

scholarly journals Building Teacherly Roles Together

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Peter Stanley Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Democracy Education ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Cultural Democracy ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Learner Agency

Given that learner agency in making meaning from subjective learning experiences is central to constructivism, how can teachers provide structure without diminishing that agency? This paper comprises an a/r/tographic analysis of a practice-based research project situated outside formal education, which shares the teacher’s role across a community learning group. This group collectively chose and researched a new topic for each session, sharing this research in session and discussing the lesson this made. This model not only provides the basis for a consensual education, but also offers opportunity for empowerment through collectively taking ownership of learning, demonstrating that as engaged learners we can shape the structures through which we build learning agency. As education and culture shape each other, so learners emerge as critical citizens able to re/form community and culture for mutual benefit, open in turn to being re/formed by them. Understanding learning as a creative process, this paper juxtaposes Gert Biesta’s concept of creative practice as a dialogue with the world against the re-emergent concept of cultural democracy. Education re/produces cultural values; by not assuming control of learners’ education for them – by not inhabiting the role of teacher – we do not diminish the space for new, emergent structures to be realised. This paper seeks to show that by performing the teacher’s functions between us, we increase our intrinsic motivation for learning, also allowing for possibilities of new knowledge emerging. As will be shown, constructivism needs no singular teachers, only people to learn alongside and share the practice of learning with.

scholarly journals Peran pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam mengembangkan moral melalui pembelajaran demokrasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Ani Sulianti ◽  
Samsul Arifin ◽  
Halimatus Sakdiyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Democracy Education ◽  
Financing Behavior

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1). Peran pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam mengembangkan moral peserta didik, 2). Penerapan pembelajaran demokrasi dalam mengembangkan moral peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan data reduction, data display, and data conclusion drawing verification. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1). Pendidikan kewarganegaraan sangatlah berpengaruh dalam mengembangkan moral peserta didik dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekolah dan masyarakat 2). Demokrasi berperan penting dalam mengembangkan perilaku peserta didik dalam bersosial, bertoleransi, saling menghargai dan menghormati.Kata kunci: Perlindungan, Guru, Kekerasan, Siswa The role of civic education in developing morals through learning democracy. This study aims to in order to understand the: 1). The role of education has a hand in developing citizenship as a capital investment moral school tuition, 2). The application of democracy education has a hand in developing moral school tuition. Research methods that were used pt pgn promised to supply the qualitative method. The technique of the collection of data using observation and the objective of the interview. The technique of data processing using triangulation of. The technique of of the data analysis used data on reduction, team’s studios meeting rooms library data, a private economic analyst said the data conclusion drawing verification. The research results show that 1). Education is critical to citizenship as a capital investment has had a significant effect in developing moral school tuition of interacting with the vicinity of the school and the community 2). .Democracy play an important role in developing their activities in financing behavior school tuition in citizenchip , tolerant they begin , appreciate each other and respect .Keywords: Protection, Teacher, Violence, Students

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN ECONOMIC RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Zarifa Polad Mammadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Technical Functions ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that plays an important role in regulating the economy and aims to prevent the economic crisis by providing various loans to many developing countries. At the same time, one of the IMF's priority goals is to reduce poverty. The article clarifies the issues related to the regulation of economic relations between the IMF and its consequences, as well as examines the legal and factual aspects of this regulation. Key words: The International Monetary Fund, organization, governance, surveillance, financial and technical functions, poverty reduction

Education for sustainable development in Vietnam: lessons learned from teacher education

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Kinh Kieu ◽  
Jane Singer ◽  
Tracey Jean Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify challenges in education for sustainable development (ESD) implementation in teacher education institutions (TEIs) in Vietnam and propose some appropriate solutions to advance ESD in training teachers toward sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The authors interviewed ten lecturers and 75 students in five TEIs across Vietnam and organized focus groups to obtain qualitative data which were coded to identify themes and provide quantitative results for analysis. Findings ESD-related topics were included in both formal and non-formal education. However, there remains a wide gap between ESD cognition and ESD teaching capacity among teacher trainees due to the prevalence of top-down pedagogy, large classes and poor facilities. Through strengthening collaboration among multiple stakeholders, TEIs should achieve more effective ESD approaches. Research limitations/implications Future research is required to examine the role of non-formal educational educators, NGOs, for instance, in training teachers about ESD. Practical implications Low-cost initiatives generating from the paper may be applied in higher education institutions, particularly in training teachers across developing countries. Social implications The paper analyses the key role of lecturers in ESD implementation and promotion which should be useful for ESD educators. Originality/value The paper points out current challenges in ESD implementation in TEIs in Vietnam and suggests some solutions which may be applied in ESD teaching education in other developing countries.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

ROLE OF LIPID PROFILE IN OVARIAN CARCINOMA PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manisha ◽  
Dr. Ruchi Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

Background: The term "ovarian cancer" includes several different types of cancer that  arise from cells of the ovary, most commonly, tumors arise from the epithelium or lining cells of the ovary.  Ovarian cancer risk is positively associated with higher consumption of dietary cholesterol and eggs, and inversely associated with a higher intake of vegetables. High consumption of fats may increase circulating estrogen levels, thus increasing the possibility of cell damage and proliferation that is responsible for cancerous growth. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Total  100 cases (females) attending the obstetrics and gynecology department for some gynecological and other problem  were selected for this study between the age of 40-60 years, who were attending cancer centre at GEETANJALI MEDICAL COLLEGE AND  HOSPITAL, Udaipur (Rajasthan).                GROUP I: - It consisted of healthy females control subjects (n=50) .By routine examination and tests, we ensured that all the subjects were healthy and there were no signs and symptoms or history of ovarian tumor and diseases GROUP II: - It consisted of ovarian cancer females subjects (n=50) with a history of ovarian tumor. Results:   Higher level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion: The present study we highlights the importance and role of serum lipid profile in diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence of the disease. The study shows that serum level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL was elevated in  patients of ovarian cancer while low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Key words: lipid profile, ovarian cancer.

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

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