scholarly journals A SIMPLE SHAKING TABLE TEST TO MEASURE LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF PRAMBANAN AREA, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Lindung Zalbuin Mase ◽  
Teuku Faisal Fathani ◽  
Agus Darmawan Adi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio

This paper presents the experimental study of liquefaction potential for sandy soil in Prambanan Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which underwent liquefaction due to the Mw 6.3 Jogja Earthquake on May 27, 2006. Shaking table tests considering the variation of acceleration and shaking duration were performed to investigate the liquefaction potential of sand. The liquefaction time stages including time to start liquefaction, time to start pore pressure dissipation, and liquefaction duration were observed. The percentage of liquefaction duration increase, the excess pore water pressure ratio and the required time to generate liquefaction, and the effect of applied acceleration to cyclic stress ratio, were also presented. The results showed that the sand could undergo liquefaction under the variation of dynamic load. The variation of dynamic load significantly influenced the time stages of liquefaction, the increase of liquefaction duration percentage and cyclic stress ratio. The results also exhibited that the larger applied acceleration and the longer shaking duration means the longer liquefaction duration and the larger liquefaction potential. In general, the result could bring the recommendation to the liquefaction countermeasure for Prambanan Area.

scholarly journals Analisis Potensi Likuefaksi pada Tanah Pasir Akibat Gempa (Studi Kasus Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Gea Nurbani ◽  
Yuki Achmad Yakin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
Cyclic Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Resistance Ratio

ABSTRAKPada hari Minggu, 5 Agustus 2018 pukul 19:46 WITA, gempa bumi mengguncang wilayah Labuan, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan skala magnitudo M7,0. Akibat guncangan tersebut, terjadi peristiwa likuefaksi di sebagian wilayah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan menimbulkan kerusakan yang signifikan. Peristiwa likuefaksi dapat terjadi apabila mengalami peningkatan tekanan air pori yang dipicu oleh gempa bumi sehingga mengakibatkan tanah kehilangan kekakuan dan kuat geser tanah. Likuefaksi pada umumnya terjadi pada tanah pasir lepas dengan kondisi jenuh air. Dalam menganalisis potensi terjadinya likuefaksi di lokasi penelitian, digunakan nilai percepatan puncak di batuan dasar (PGA) sebesar 4,13 m/s2dan menggunakan data tanah hasil pengujian Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Hasil perbandingan antara ketahanan tanah atau Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) dengan kemampuan tanah terlikuefaksi atau Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) menunjukkan bahwa likuefaksi terjadi pada rata-rata kedalaman 5,5 m – 19.5 m.Kata kunci: likuefaksi, cyclic stress ratio (CSR), cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), faktor keamanan (FK) ABSTRACTOn Sunday, August 5 2018 at 19:46 WITA, an earthquake has shook Labuan, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara with magnitude 7.0 scale. As a result of the earthquake, liquefaction occurred in several regions of West Nusa Tenggara and caused severe damage. Liquefaction can occure when an increase in pore water pressure is triggered by an earthquake, which causes the soil losing its shear strength and stiffness. Liquefaction mostly occured in sand loose and saturated condition. Analysis of liquefaction based on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) at the research site 4.13 m/s2 were done according to the data of SPT (Standard Penetration Test). By comparing the value of soil resistance to liquefaction or Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) and the ability of soil to be liquefied or Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR), the analysis shows the soil in that area are liquefied at depth of 5.5 m – 19.5 m.Keywords: liquefaction, cyclic stress ratio (CSR), cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), safety of factor (SF)

Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation of Slopes Using Geostudio2007 Software Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1303-1308
Author(s):  
Baydaa Hussain Maula ◽  
Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
Earthquake Record

Liquefaction phenomenon which has produced severe damage all over the world was studied under earthquake record of 0.5g; one of the major effects of liquefaction is lateral spreading. Lateral spreading occurs in sloping grounds and can cause serious damage to structures and lifelines. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of earthquake shaking on soils and slope stability using Geo Studio software 2007. The applicability of the analysis is demonstrated by analysis various slope and embankments subjected to earthquake shaking. This study investigated the effect of embankment slope angle and its geometry on liquefaction. Pore water pressure can be increased by 100% to 35% as β ranged from 35ͦ to 45ͦ respectively, it can see that liquefaction zone induced by earthquake can eliminate as flattering slope and mean while reduced lateral speared displacement. Three case studies are providing to evaluation cyclic stress ratio (CSR) due to earthquake and lateral speared for soils.

scholarly journals Undrained monotonic and cyclic shear response and particle crushing of silica sand at low and high pressures

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hyodo ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Noritaka Aramaki ◽  
Yukio Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Particle Crushing ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressures

A series of undrained monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were performed on silica sand at two initial densities and different confining pressures from 0.1 to 5 MPa to investigate their shear response and crushing behaviour. The influence of particle crushing on the undrained shear strength and pore-water pressure was examined. To clarify the evolution of particle crushing, undrained monotonic and cyclic tests were terminated at several distinctive stages and sieving analysis tests were subsequently performed on the tested specimens. In the undrained monotonic test, specimens exhibited remarkable dilation behaviour and experienced no apparent particle crushing at low confining pressures. An increase in the mean stress suppressed the dilatancy due to a faster increase of the pore-water pressure, giving rise to the occurrence of particle crushing. In the undrained cyclic test, a higher confining pressure and cyclic stress ratio resulted in a much higher relative breakage. At a specific cyclic stress ratio, the relative breakage increased as the cyclic loading progressed. The confining pressure and shear strain amplitude played a significant role in controlling the evolution of particle breakage. The correlation between the relative breakage and plastic work for specimens under isotropic consolidation, undrained monotonic, and cyclic loadings has been validated experimentally.

Study of Variation of Soil Stress State Based on the Curve of Normalized Strain- Pore Water Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Gang Yang ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Wen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Critical Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
Versus Strain

The cyclic behavior of normally consolidated silty clays was investigated by conducting a series of cyclic simple shear tests on one-dimensionally and isotropically consolidated reconstituted samples. The critical cyclic stress ratio was obtained by the normalized axial strain. Based on hysteretic curve of pore water pressure versus strain, dynamic characteristics of silty clay were investigated. The results showed that with increasing of cyclic loading, soil stress state can be divided into steady state, critical state and failure state based on the critical cyclic stress ratio. The hysteresis curve of pore water pressure versus strain was divided into two parts by cross point A. Compared with two parts, the variation law was obtained. When the upper part area was bigger than the lower part area, pore water pressure and axial strain continuously increase with cycle number; when the upper part area was smaller than the lower part area, pore water pressure and axial strain tended to be steady with cycle number.

scholarly journals Soil Zonation and The Shaking Table Test of The Embankment on Clayey Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripon Hore ◽  
Sudipta Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Fayjul Bari ◽  
Ayaz Mahmud Shuvon ◽  
Mehedi Ahmed Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Shake Table Test ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Dynamic Parameters

The main objective of this research was to model the zonation of wrap faced embankment on soft clay foundation, by applying a shake table test. Also, to investigate the dynamic behaviors of clay soil, such as acceleration amplification, displacement and pore water pressure of wrap faced embankment. This was done with respect to changes in frequencies of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 12 Hz and 15 Hz respectively. Constant acceleration (0.1 g) and surcharge (19 Kg) were applied by using a laminar box, placed on a shake table testing machine. The main elements of this research were the laboratory test, which was used for preparing reconstitute soil samples, and wrap faced embankment with frequency arrangement. After applying all test parameters, dynamic parameters were increased by rise in elevation with respect to frequency. The result shows that the maximum dynamic parameters were found at the frequency of 10 Hz. It is beneficial to the relative performances of the wrap faced embankment, which is the updated design parameter. Keywords: Seismic; Clay Soil; Frequency; Shake Table Test; Wrap Faced; Soil Zonation   Copyright (c) 2020 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Primary Study on Mechanism of Earthquake-Induced Differential Settlement of Buildings on Liquefiable Subsoil

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Fan Chao Meng ◽  
Xiao Ming Yuan ◽  
Hui Xue
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Time History ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Primary Study

The shaking table test on liquefied soil - structure interaction was desighed. In the test, the building model and the soil were evenly arranged, after being put horizontal sine wave acceleration time history, building symmetrical basal dynamic stress, pore water pressure and earthquake-induced settlement time history were obtained. The results are: (1) symmetrical basal vertical dynamic stress, pore water pressure, earthquake-induced settlement reaction time history appeared antisymmetric distribution; (2) basal dynamic stress is controlled by the input waveform, the basal vertical dynamic stress plays a decisive role in the increase of the pore water pressure, while difference of pore water pressure decides difference of earthquake-induced settlement, which causes the building tilts toward the direction of higher pore water pressure; (3) a correlation exists among input wave, basal vertical dynamic stress, pore water pressure and structural earthquake-induced settlement. The mechanism of earthquake-induced settlement is: acceleration waveform  form of both sides basal dynamic stress cumulative form of both sides basal pore pressure form of earthquake-induced settlement.

Analisis Tingkat Potensi Likuifaksi Di Kawasan Underpass Yogyakarta International Airpor

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Muhamad Agung Rahman ◽  
Teuku Faisal Fathani ◽  
Ahmad Rifa'i ◽  
Mochammad Syidik Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Cyclic Stress Ratio ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Cyclic Resistance ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Cyclic Resistance Ratio

Fenomena likuifaksi akibat gempa merupakan berkurangnya daya dukung tanah karena hilangnya inter-granular stress antar butir-butir tanah untuk menahan beban getaran gempa akibat naiknya tegangan air pori. Dampak likuifaksi dapat menimbulkan kerugian dan kerusakan yang besar pada infrastruktur. Analisis potensi likuifaksi dilakukan di kawasan Underpass Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) yang termasuk kedalam  formasi endapan alluvial dengan menggunakan data N-SPT pada lima data bor. Analisis potensi likuifaksi bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai safety factor (SF) yaitu perbandingan nilai Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR) yang merupakan tahanan tanah terhadap likuifaksi dan Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)  yang merupakan tegangan geser yang timbul akibat gempa di kawasan tersebut. Peristiwa likuifaksi akan terjadi jika nilai SF kurang dari satu. Analisis tingkat potensi likuifaksi menggunakan metode Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI). Hasil analisis potensi likuifaksi di kawasan Underpass YIA menunjukan bahwa lapisan tanah pasir berpotensi mengalami likuifaksi pada kedalaman 1 m hingga 6 m dari permukaan tanah pada sisi timur (titik bor BH01, BH02) dan mulut underpass sisi barat (BH05). Pada sisi barat (titik bor BH03 dan BH04), lapisan tanah pasir di lokasi Underpass YIA tidak berpotensi likuifaksi. Berdasarkan analisis LPI menunjukkan seluruh kawasan Underpass YIA rentan terhadap ancaman likuifaksi (LPI > 5) jika terjadi gempa bumi dengan nilai percepatan muka tanah maksimum (amax) lebih dari 0,44g.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance Evaluation of Agricultural Reservoir Embankment through Shaking Table Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Younghak Lee ◽  
Junghyun Ryu ◽  
Bora Yoon ◽  
Joon Heo ◽  
Dalwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Seepage Water ◽  
Shaking Table Tests ◽  
Experimental Conditions

In this study, shaking table tests were performed to compare and analyze the acceleration response, displacement behavior, and pore-water pressure behavior of reservoirs with parapets installed to prevent overtopping of deteriorative homogeneous reservoirs. During the shaking table tests, the experimental conditions were divided into four cases considering the range and magnitude of seismic acceleration according to national standards. The vibration-type waveform (Gongen) and shock-type waveform (Minogawa) were applied as input waveforms. The acceleration amplification ratios of both vibration- and shock-wave types were the largest in the dam crest, and the amplification ratio decreased as the design earthquake acceleration increased. In addition, the horizontal displacement was maximum on the upstream slope, owing to the influence of seepage water, and the vertical displacement was maximum on the dam crest, owing to the self-weight effect of the parapet structure. A comparison of the waveform results indicates that the vibration-type waveform may exhibit a more significant effect on the embankment zone displacement than the shock-type waveform. However, when the safety standards for the horizontal displacement, settlement ratio, and excess pore-water pressure ratio were applied, the embankment was stable within the allowable range in both the shock-type and vibration-type waveforms. Therefore, the parapet structure is expected to influence the overflow resistance and stability of embankments positively.

The temperature and pore water pressure in soil subjected to dynamic load

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Kun ZHANG ◽  
Ze ZHANG ◽  
Xiangyang SHI ◽  
Sihai LI ◽  
Donghui XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure
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