Mitonuclear discordance as a confounding factor in the DNA taxonomy of monogonont rotifers

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Obertegger ◽  
Adam Cieplinski ◽  
Diego Fontaneto ◽  
Spiros Papakostas
Keyword(s):  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Monogonont Rotifers

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

The intellectual content of taxonomy: a comment on DNA taxonomy

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Lipscomb ◽  
N Platnick ◽  
Q Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Intellectual Content

Features of Regression in Dermoscopic Diagnosis: A Confounding Factor? Two Clinical, Dermoscopic-Pathologic Case Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENZO GIORGI ◽  
DANIELA MASSI ◽  
CAMILLA SALVINI ◽  
SERENA SESTINI ◽  
PAOLO CARLI
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Confounding Factor

scholarly journals Conditioning-induced cardioprotection: Aging as a confounding factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kaur Randhawa ◽  
Anjana Bali ◽  
Jasleen Kaur Virdi ◽  
Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
Keyword(s):  
Confounding Factor

scholarly journals CRYOGLOBULIN TEST AND CRYOGLOBULINEMIA HEPATITIS C-VIRUS RELATED

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e2017007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Basile
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Wide Range

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate in serum at temperatures below 37°C and resolubilize upon warming. The clinical syndrome of cryoglobulinemia usually includes purpura, weakness, and arthralgia, but the underlying disease may also contribute other symptoms. Blood samples for cryoglobulin are collected, transported, clotted and spun at 37°C, before the precipitate is allowed to form when serum is stored at 4°C in a Wintrobe tube for at least seven days. The most critical and confounding factor affecting the cryoglobulin test is when the preanalytical phase is not fully completed at 37°C. The easiest way to quantify cryoglobulins is the cryocrit estimate. However, this approach has low accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, the precipitate should be resolubilized by warming to confirm that it is truly formed of cryoglobulins. The characterization of cryoglobulins requires the precipitate is several times washed, before performing immunofixation, a technique by which cryoglobulins can be classified depending on the characteristics of the detected immunoglobulins. These features imply a pathogenic role of these molecules which are consequently associated with a wide range of symptoms and manifestations. According to the Brouet classification, Cryoglobulins are grouped into three types by the immunochemical properties of immunoglobulins in the cryoprecipitate. The aim of this paper is to review the major aspects of cryoglobulinemia and the laboratory techniques used to detect and characterize cryoglobulins, taking into consideration the presence and consequences of cryoglobulinemia in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection.

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