Long‐term surveillance for hepatitis E virus in an Italian two‐site farrow‐to‐finish swine farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ianiro ◽  
Eleonora Chelli ◽  
Luca De Sabato ◽  
Marina Monini ◽  
Fabio Ostanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Swine Farm

scholarly journals Ivermectin effectively inhibits hepatitis E virus replication, requiring the host nuclear transport protein importin α1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Li ◽  
Zhijiang Miao ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Ruyi Zhang ◽  
Denis E. Kainov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Nuclear Transport ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cellular Target ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
Cell Culture Models

AbstractWe show that ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, effectively inhibits infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 3 in a range of cell culture models, including hepatic and extrahepatic cells. Long-term treatment showed no clear evidence of the development of drug resistance. Gene silencing of importin-α1, a cellular target of ivermectin and a key member of the host nuclear transport complex, inhibited viral replication and largely abolished the anti-HEV effect of ivermectin.

scholarly journals Long-term Antibody Persistence After Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Vaccination in Dongtai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L Kmush ◽  
Huan Yu ◽  
Shoujie Huang ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Injectable Contraceptive ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is of global significance. HEV is a common cause of acute hepatitis in China. One of the major unanswered questions about HEV is the persistence of antibodies after infection and vaccination. Methods We examined antibody persistence 6.5 years after HEV exposures through natural infection and vaccination. Ninety-seven vaccine recipients and 70 individuals asymptomatically infected with HEV enrolled in the phase III HEV239 vaccine trial in Dongtai, China, were revisited. Results Antibody loss was 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.1%–30.5%), with a nonsignificantly higher percentage of loss among those naturally infected (30.0%; 95% CI, 19.6%–42.1%) than those vaccinated (18.6%; 95% CI, 11.4%–27.7%; P = .085). Age and gender were not associated with antibody persistence. Only 2 people (1.2%) self-reported medically diagnosed jaundice or hepatitis-like illness in the last 10 years, both of whom had persistent antibodies. Contact with a jaundice patient and injectable contraceptive use were marginally associated with loss of detectable anti-HEV antibodies (P = .047 and .082, respectively), whereas transfusion was marginally associated with antibody persistence (P = .075). Conclusions Antibody loss was more common among those naturally infected compared with those vaccinated. However, none of the characteristics examined were strongly associated with antibody loss, suggesting that factors not yet identified may play a more important role in antibody loss. Long-term postvaccination antibody persistence is currently unknown and will be an important consideration in the development of policies for the use of the highly efficacious HEV vaccine. ClinicalTrials.gov registration.  NCT01014845.

scholarly journals Erratum: Long-term Antibody Persistence After Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Vaccination in Dongtai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L Kmush ◽  
Huan Yu ◽  
Shoujie Huang ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Antibody Persistence

scholarly journals Cynomolgus monkeys are successfully and persistently infected with hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) after long-term immunosuppressive therapy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0174070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Rovaris Gardinali ◽  
Juliana Rodrigues Guimarães ◽  
Juliana Gil Melgaço ◽  
Yohan Britto Kevorkian ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Bottino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Persistently Infected

Complete genome sequencing of a genotype 3 hepatitis E virus strain identified in a swine farm in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Di Bartolo ◽  
Giorgia Angeloni ◽  
Marina Monini ◽  
Ester Maione ◽  
Raffaele Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Complete Genome Sequencing

scholarly journals Long-Term Determinants of the Seroprevalence of the Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Patricia Barroso ◽  
María A. Risalde ◽  
Ignacio García-Bocanegra ◽  
Pelayo Acevedo ◽  
José Ángel Barasona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Doñana National Park ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen whose main reservoir is suids. Most of the ecological and epidemiological aspects of its sylvatic cycle remain unknown. Thus, in this work, we study the drivers of HEV exposure in the wild boar population of Doñana National Park (DNP, southwest Spain) operating in the medium and long-term (2005–2018). Anti-HEV antibodies are widely distributed throughout the wild boar (46.7 ± 3.8%, 327 out of 700 sampled), showing a statistically significant age-increasing pattern. The temporal pattern displayed important interannual fluctuations. This could be mediated by marked variations in the population control of the wild boar, and subsequent changes in abundance rates, and its interplay with climatic conditions; as wet years together with a low abundance of wild boar led to the lowest seroprevalence. The fact that seroprevalence is high during conditions of high abundance, and not affected by rainfall level, is probably due to the increased interactions among the animals, and possibly, the subsequent higher environmental contamination with HEV particles. The proximity to the marshland (the main water body of the study area) is associated with a higher risk of testing positive, which is probably mediated by the preferential use of this area during the dry season and the favourable environmental conditions for the survival of HEV particles. A deeper understanding of the epidemiology of HEV in host communities deserves future research concerning other susceptible species. Most importantly, wild boar population control remains a challenge at the international level, and an increase of shared pathogen-related conflicts associated with this species is expected, as exemplified by HEV. Therefore, surveillance of wild boar diseases, including integrated population monitoring and sustainable population control programmes, will be essential to control the associated risks.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E in Norway: seroprevalence in humans and swine

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. LANGE ◽  
J. ØVERBØ ◽  
K. BORGEN ◽  
S. DUDMAN ◽  
G. HODDEVIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples

SUMMARYIn Norway, no published data on seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in humans and swine exists. Serum samples from blood donors, veterinarians, swine farm workers and swine were analysed by ELISA to estimate the seroprevalence of HEV in Norway and to investigate the association between direct contact with swine and HEV seroprevalence in humans. The seroprevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was 30% (24/79) in farm workers, 13% (21/163) in veterinarians, 14% (162/1200) in blood donors and 90% (137/153) in swine. Our results show a high seroprevalence of HEV in humans and swine in Norway. HEV seroprevalence in farm workers and blood donors increased with age, and veterinarians working with swine were twice as likely to be HEV seropositive compared to other veterinarians. High HEV seroprevalence in farm workers and veterinarians working with swine support previous reports suggesting swine as a reservoir for HEV infections in humans in Europe.

Trends in hepatitis E virus infection: Analyses of the long‐term screening of blood donors in Hokkaido, Japan, 2005–2019

Transfusion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekatsu Sakata ◽  
Keiji Matsubayashi ◽  
Juri Iida ◽  
Kenta Nakauchi ◽  
Shinichi Kishimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis E
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