scholarly journals Spatial association between primary Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and exposure to dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-390
Author(s):  
Khalid Al‐Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammed Alahmadi ◽  
Ali Al‐Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz N. Alagaili ◽  
Thomas Briese ◽  
Nischay Mishra ◽  
Vishal Kapoor ◽  
Stephen C. Sameroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz N. Alagaili ◽  
Thomas Briese ◽  
Nischay Mishra ◽  
Vishal Kapoor ◽  
Stephen C. Sameroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Viral Sequences

ABSTRACT The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is proposed to be a zoonotic disease; however, the reservoir and mechanism for transmission of the causative agent, the MERS coronavirus, are unknown. Dromedary camels have been implicated through reports that some victims have been exposed to camels, camels in areas where the disease has emerged have antibodies to the virus, and viral sequences have been recovered from camels in association with outbreaks of the disease among humans. Nonetheless, whether camels mediate transmission to humans is unresolved. Here we provide evidence from a geographic and temporal survey of camels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that MERS coronaviruses have been circulating in camels since at least 1992, are distributed countrywide, and can be phylogenetically classified into clades that correlate with outbreaks of the disease among humans. We found no evidence of infection in domestic sheep or domestic goats. IMPORTANCE This study was undertaken to determine the historical and current prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus infection in dromedary camels and other livestock in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the index case and the majority of cases of MERS have been reported.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Gomaa Hemida ◽  
Abdulmohsen Alnaeem ◽  
Daniel KW Chu ◽  
Ranawaka APM Perera ◽  
Samuel MS Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

scholarly journals Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandeil ◽  
Gomaa ◽  
Nageh ◽  
Shehata ◽  
Kayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
East African ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Clade C

: Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.

scholarly journals Lack of serological evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in virus exposed camel abattoir workers in Nigeria, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray TY So ◽  
Ranawaka APM Perera ◽  
Jamiu O Oladipo ◽  
Daniel KW Chu ◽  
Sulyman A Kuranga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Abattoir Workers

Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic threat of global public health concern and dromedary camels are the source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV is enzootic in dromedaries in Africa as well as the Middle East, zoonotic disease has not been reported in Africa. Methods: In an abattoir in Kano, Nigeria, we tested nasal swabs from camels and investigated 261 humans with repeated occupational exposure to camels, many of whom also reported drinking fresh camel milk (n = 138) or urine (n = 94) or using camel urine for medicinal purposes (n = 96). Results: Weekly MERS-CoV RNA detection in January–February 2016 ranged from 0–8.4% of camels sampled. None of the abattoir workers with exposure to camels had evidence of neutralising antibody to MERS-CoV. Conclusion: There is a need for more studies to investigate whether or not zoonotic transmission of MERS-CoV does take place in Africa.

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