Serological evidence for exposure to avian influenza viruses within poultry workers in southern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. e51-e59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Bruin ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
C. Ke ◽  
R. Sikkema ◽  
M. Koopmans
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Poultry Workers

scholarly journals Protecting Poultry Workers from Exposure to Avian Influenza Viruses

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. MacMahon ◽  
Lisa J. Delaney ◽  
Greg Kullman ◽  
John D. Gibbins ◽  
John Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Poultry Workers

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of avian H7 influenza viruses circulating in Eurasia in 1999–2005: detection of multiple reassortant virus genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Campitelli ◽  
Angela Di Martino ◽  
Domenico Spagnolo ◽  
Gavin J. D. Smith ◽  
Livia Di Trani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Infections

Avian influenza infections by high and low pathogenicity H7 influenza viruses have caused several outbreaks in European poultry in recent years, also resulting in human infections. Although in some cases the source of H7 strains from domestic poultry was shown to be the viruses circulating in the wild bird reservoir, a thorough characterization of the entire genome of H7 viruses from both wild and domestic Eurasian birds, and their evolutionary relationships, has not been conducted. In our study, we have analysed low pathogenicity H7 influenza strains isolated from wild and domestic ducks in Italy and southern China and compared them with those from reared terrestrial poultry such as chicken and turkey. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the H7 haemagglutinin genes were all closely related to each other, whereas the remaining genes could be divided into two or more phylogenetic groups. Almost each year different H7 reassortant viruses were identified and in at least two different years more than one H7 genotype co-circulated. A recent precursor in wild waterfowl was identified for most of the gene segments of terrestrial poultry viruses. Our data suggest that reassortment allows avian influenza viruses, in their natural reservoir, to increase their genetic diversity. In turn this might help avian influenza viruses colonize a wider range of hosts, including domestic poultry.

scholarly journals Genesis and Dissemination of Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Wenfei Zhu ◽  
Xiaodan Li ◽  
Hong Bo ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Reassortant Viruses

ABSTRACT Clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (H5Nx) have spread from Asia to other parts of the world. Since 2014, human infections with clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses have been continuously reported in China. To investigate the genesis of the virus, we analyzed 123 H5 or N6 environmental viruses sampled from live-poultry markets or farms from 2012 to 2015 in Mainland China. Our results indicated that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N2/N6/N8 viruses shared the same hemagglutinin gene as originated in early 2009. From 2012 to 2015, the genesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses occurred via two independent pathways. Three major reassortant H5N6 viruses (reassortants A, B, and C) were generated. Internal genes of reassortant A and B viruses and reassortant C viruses derived from clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 and H9N2 viruses, respectively. Many mammalian adaption mutations and antigenic variations were detected among the three reassortant viruses. Considering their wide circulation and dynamic reassortment in poultry, we highly recommend close monitoring of the viruses in poultry and humans. IMPORTANCE Since 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5Nx) viruses have caused many outbreaks in both wild and domestic birds globally. Severe human cases with novel H5N6 viruses in this group were also reported in China in 2014 and 2015. To investigate the genesis of the genetic diversity of these H5N6 viruses, we sequenced 123 H5 or N6 environmental viruses sampled from 2012 to 2015 in China. Sequence analysis indicated that three major reassortants of these H5N6 viruses had been generated by two independent evolutionary pathways. The H5N6 reassortant viruses had been detected in most provinces of southern China and neighboring countries. Considering the mammalian adaption mutations and antigenic variation detected, the spread of these viruses should be monitored carefully due to their pandemic potential.

scholarly journals Notorious Novel Avian Influenza Viruses H10N8 and H7N9 in China in 2013 Co-originated from H9N2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Chenglong Xiong ◽  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Lufang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Virus Reassortment ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

In 2013, two new avian influenza viruses (AIVs) H7N9 and H10N8 emerged in China caused worldwide concerns. Previous studies have studied their originations independently; this study is the first time to investigate their co-originating characteristics. Gene segments of assorted subtype influenza A viruses, as well as H10N8 and H7N9, were collected from public database. With the help of series software, small and large-scale phylogenetic trees, mean evolutionary rates, and divergence years were obtained successionally. The results demonstrated the two AIVs co-originated from H9N2, and shared a spectrum of mutations in common on many key sites related to pathogenic, tropism and epidemiological characteristics. For a long time, H9N2 viruses had been circulated in eastern and southern China; poultry was the stable and lasting maintenance reservoir. High carrying rate of AIVs H9N2 in poultry had an extremely high risk of co-infections with other influenza viruses, which increased the risk of virus reassortment. It implied that novel AIVs reassortants based on H9N2 might appear and prevail at any time in China; therefore, surveillance of H9N2 AIVs should be given a high priority.

Serosurvey Against H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Viruses in Italian Poultry Workers

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4s1) ◽  
pp. 1068-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Di Trani ◽  
S Porru ◽  
L Bonfanti ◽  
P Cordioli ◽  
B. M. Cesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Poultry Workers

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of an H5N6 avian influenza virus with multiple origins from a chicken in southern China, October 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wen ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Jinyue Guo ◽  
Congying Wang ◽  
Qing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Multiple Origins

Abstract Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5 subtype pose a great threat to the poultry industry and human health. In recent years, H5N6 subtype has rapidly replaced H5N1 as the most predominate HPAIV subtype circulating in domestic poultry in China. In this study, we describe the genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of a prevalent H5N6 strain in Guangdong, China. Results Nucleotide sequencing identified a H5N6 subtype HPAIV, designated as A/chicken/Dongguan/1101/2019 (DG/19), with a multibasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin (HA). Phylogenetic analysis revealed DG/19 was a reassortant of H5N1, H5N2, H5N8, and H6N6 subtypes of avian influenza viruses. A number of mammalian adaptive markers such as D36N in the HA were identified. Conclusions Our results showed that HPAIV H5N6 strains still emerge in well-managed groups of chicken farms. Considering the increasing prevalence of H5N6 HPAIV, and the fact that H5N6 HPAIVs are well adapted to migratory birds, an enhanced surveillance for the East Asian-Australasian flyway should be undertaken to prevent potential threats to the poultry industry and human health.

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