scholarly journals Species boundaries in Philaethria butterflies: an integrative taxonomic analysis based on genitalia ultrastructure, wing geometric morphometrics, DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Wing Geometric Morphometrics

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A Production and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus tubingensis, and Aspergillus niger Strains Isolated from Grapes in Italy

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 680-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Perrone ◽  
Giuseppina Mulè ◽  
Antonia Susca ◽  
Paola Battilani ◽  
Amedeo Pietri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

ABSTRACT Ochratoxin A is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen that can contaminate various agricultural products, including grapes and wine. The capabilities of species other than Aspergillus carbonarius within Aspergillus section Nigri to produce ochratoxin A from grapes are uncertain, since strain identification is based primarily on morphological traits. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and genomic DNA sequences (rRNA, calmodulin, and β-tubulin genes) to identify 77 black aspergilli isolated from grape berries collected in a 2-year survey in 16 vineyards throughout Italy. Four main clusters were distinguished, and they shared an AFLP similarity of <25%. Twenty-two of 23 strains of A. carbonarius produced ochratoxin A (6 to 7,500 μg/liter), 5 of 20 strains of A. tubingensis produced ochratoxin A (4 to 130 μg/liter), 3 of 15 strains of A. niger produced ochratoxin A (250 to 360 μg/liter), and none of the 19 strains of Aspergillus “uniseriate” produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (4 μg/liter). These findings indicate that A. tubingensis is able to produce ochratoxin and that, together with A. carbonarius and A. niger, it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination of wine in Italy.

Cloning and mapping of variety-specific rice genomic DNA sequences: amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) from silver-stained Polyacrylamide gels

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gu Cho ◽  
Matthew W. Blair ◽  
Olivier Panaud ◽  
Susan R. McCouch
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

An efficient technique for cloning DNA from silver-stained denaturing Polyacrylamide gels was developed to allow the isolation of specific bands obtained from selective restriction fragment amplification (SRFA). This method proved as reliable as cloning radioactively labelled SRFA bands from the same gels. Rice DNA was used as a template, both with and without [32P]dCTP, using the same PCR profiles. Amplified products were separated using denaturing polyacryamide gel electrophoresis and visualized either by silver staining of gels or by autoradiography of 32P-labelled products. We cloned specific polymorphic SRFA bands directly from the denaturing polyacrylamide gels with one round of PCR amplification and confirmed that the sequences of the bands from silver-stained gels were identical to the corresponding 32P-labelled bands. The bands that were chosen represented amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) between japonica and indica rice varieties. We studied the ability of two cloned AFLP bands to serve as heritable genetic markers by mapping them as RFLPs in an interspecific rice population and found that they represented single-copy DNA at unique loci in the rice genome. Key words : amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP, selective restriction fragment amplification, SRFA, PCR cloning, silver staining.

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