THANKS TO LEIBNIZ, PUTATIVE FATHER OF TOPOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Laura Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Putative Father

THANKS TO LEIBNIZ, PUTATIVE FATHER OF TOPOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Laura Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Putative Father

Premarital Pregnancy and Native Opinion. A Note on Social Change

Africa ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schapera
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Unmarried Mother ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Putative Father ◽  
The Subject

In his recent writings on the subject of marriage and kinship, Malinowski has repeatedly emphasized what he terms the ‘principle legitimacy’. By this he means the rule, found in all human societies, that a woman has to be married before she is allowed legitimately to conceive. ‘Roughly speaking, an unmarried mother is under a ban, a fatherless child is a bastard. This is by no means only a European or Christian prejudice; it is the attitude found amongst most barbarous and savage peoples as well.’ Where prenuptial intercourse is regarded as illicit and immoral, marriage is obviously the essential prelude to the birth of legitimate children, i.e. children having full social status in the community. But even where prenuptial intercourse is tolerated, this tolerance does not extend to liberty of conception. The unmarried boys and girls may indulge freely in sex, but there must be no issue. An unmarried mother will be subjected to punishment and become the object of scorn, her child possibly killed or aborted, while often the putative father is also penalized unless he marries the girl. Almost universally, a child born out of wedlock has a different status from the legitimate offspring, usually very much to his disadvantage. Facts such as these show that the group of mother and child is considered incomplete in the eyes of the community, and that the sociological position of husband and father is everywhere felt to be indispensable.

Genetic similarity and mate selection in Uruguay

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sans ◽  
I. Alvarez ◽  
S. M. Callegari-Jacques ◽  
F. M. Salzano
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Previous Sample ◽  
Putative Father ◽  
Blood Genetic Markers

SummaryIt has been suggested that average genetic similarity, as assessed by blood genetic markers, could influence mate choice in humans. In the present study, average genetic similarity was assessed in 183 couples submitting to paternity determinations in relation to six blood group systems and three HLA loci. Couples in which the putative father was excluded were compared with those in which such exclusion did not occur, and real couples were compared to random pairs. The differences were all statistically non-significant. Possible reasons for the different results found in the previous sample and in the present study are considered.

Personality Factors Related to Black Teenage Pregnancy and Abortion

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 737-746
Author(s):  
Ruth Falk ◽  
Maria Gispert ◽  
Donald H. Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
Clear Thinking ◽  
Putative Father

Forty-eight pregnant adolescents who applied for therapeutic abortions (TAs) were compared with 55 adolescents who planned to have their babies (Terms) and 67 adolescents who were not pregnant (Controls) on the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). All the subjects were single, Black, and aged 15 or 16. CPI results point to psychological differences with the Controls being most socialized, followed by the TAs, and then the Terms. Term girls seem to be experiencing a void and appear to be trying to fill it and assume an adult role by having a baby; the TAs do not seem to have these same needs. In addition, girls who became pregnant and described the relationship with the putative father as casual, appear on the CPI to have more daily problems, lack socialization, be less clear thinking, and have poor self-control. Pregnant girls who have good communication with their mothers showed no differences on the CPI from girls with poor communication with their mothers. SUMMARY Comparing the CPIs of girls who opt for an abortion, girls who go to term, and nonpregnant Control girls has resulted in several findings. First, there are important psychological differences among these three groups. The Control girls seem to be the best socialized, followed by the Abortion girls, and the Term girls are least socialized. Data suggest that the Term girls feel some void and are attempting to fill it by giving birth to a child; becoming a mother is for them an important step in assuming an adult female role. The Abortion girls do not have these psychological needs as much as the Term girls do, or at least they have chosen different routes to meeting the needs they have. Not surprisingly, the type of relationship with the putative father has psychological implications for the pregnant girls. Girls who report serious emotional involvements with their boyfriends seem to think more clearly, report fewer daily problems, appear to have internalized society's rules, and are better able to meet these expectations than are the girls who report only casual relationships with their boyfriends at the time of pregnancy. These findings suggest that for the latter girls, becoming pregnant as the result of a sexual relationship with a male who is a casual acquaintance does not lead to the feeling of being more mature or being more broad-minded toward sex. To the contrary, these girls appear to be experiencing more psychological problems than girls with serious relationships, and their sexual behavior and pregnancy are likely a manifestation of or attempt to cope with their difficulties. These researchers had hoped that the girls deciding to have their babies would be the most mature and best prepared psychologically to assume the role of mother. The current results do not support that hope. Of course, some pregnant girls who decide to go to term are capable of becoming good mothers; each case must be evaluated individually. The present findings point out that professionals working with unmarried, pregnant adolescents should be alert to the possibility that girls becoming pregnant from a casual relationship and young adolescents deciding to have their babies may be dissatisfied people who are attempting to resolve their problems through their sexual behavior and decisions regarding motherhood.

Blood Grouping Tests in Disputed Parentage Qualifications of Experts. II. An Error Involving the Rare Rh-Hr Blood Types RhzRhI and Rhzrh

1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Tacit Assumption ◽  
Rare Gene ◽  
Putative Father ◽  
Blood Grouping

SUMMARYAn unusual case is described in which a man was accused of the paternity of a child, and an expert reported him to be type RhzRh1, the mother as type Rh1rh and the child as type Rh2rh, thus excluding paternity. In repeat blood tests, the author confirmed the typing results on the putative father and the mother, but showed the child to be type Rhzrh instead of type Rh2rh, so that paternity was not excluded. Instead, the presence in both putative father and child of the rare gene RZ (or ry) could be considered circumstantial evidence that the accused man actually was the father. It is pointed out that the error could easily have been due to the mistaken use of anti-rhi serum in place of anti-rh′ serum. Such an error would be more apt to occur with a worker using the fallacious C-D-E notations, because the tacit assumption implicit in those notations that each agglutinogen has but a single corresponding antibody (and blood factor) would render unthinkable the concept of more than one kind of anti-rh′ (anti-C) reagent.

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