Species-specific regulation of fibrinogen synthesis with implications for porcine hepatocyte xenotransplantation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Ramackers ◽  
Johannes Klose ◽  
Florian W. R. Vondran ◽  
Harald Schrem ◽  
Alexander Kaltenborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Hepatocyte ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Species-Specific Regulation of TRPM2 by PI(4,5)P2 via the Membrane Interfacial Cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4637
Author(s):  
Daniel Barth ◽  
Andreas Lückhoff ◽  
Frank J. P. Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Activation Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
Positively Charged

The human apoptosis channel TRPM2 is stimulated by intracellular ADR-ribose and calcium. Recent studies show pronounced species-specific activation mechanisms. Our aim was to analyse the functional effect of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), commonly referred to as PIP2, on different TRPM2 orthologues. Moreover, we wished to identify the interaction site between TRPM2 and PIP2. We demonstrate a crucial role of PIP2, in the activation of TRPM2 orthologues of man, zebrafish, and sea anemone. Utilizing inside-out patch clamp recordings of HEK-293 cells transfected with TRPM2, differential effects of PIP2 that were dependent on the species variant became apparent. While depletion of PIP2 via polylysine uniformly caused complete inactivation of TRPM2, restoration of channel activity by artificial PIP2 differed widely. Human TRPM2 was the least sensitive species variant, making it the most susceptible one for regulation by changes in intramembranous PIP2 content. Furthermore, mutations of highly conserved positively charged amino acid residues in the membrane interfacial cavity reduced the PIP2 sensitivity in all three TRPM2 orthologues to varying degrees. We conclude that the membrane interfacial cavity acts as a uniform PIP2 binding site of TRPM2, facilitating channel activation in the presence of ADPR and Ca2+ in a species-specific manner.

scholarly journals Species-specific Regulation of Toll-like Receptor 3 Genes in Men and Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 278 (24) ◽  
pp. 21502-21509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Heinz ◽  
Viola Haehnel ◽  
Marina Karaghiosoff ◽  
Lucia Schwarzfischer ◽  
Mathias Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Chromatin remodeling in bovine embryos indicates species-specific regulation of genome activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Halstead ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Richard M. Schultz ◽  
Pablo J. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Development ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Epigenetic Remodeling ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Genome Activation ◽  
Cross Species Comparison

Abstract The shift from maternal to embryonic control is a critical developmental milestone in preimplantation development. Widespread transcriptomic and epigenetic remodeling facilitate this transition from terminally differentiated gametes to totipotent blastomeres, but the identity of transcription factors (TF) and genomic elements regulating embryonic genome activation (EGA) are poorly defined. The timing of EGA is species-specific, e.g., the timing of murine and human EGA differ significantly. To deepen our understanding of mammalian EGA, here we profile changes in open chromatin during bovine preimplantation development. Before EGA, open chromatin is enriched for maternal TF binding, similar to that observed in humans and mice. During EGA, homeobox factor binding becomes more prevalent and requires embryonic transcription. A cross-species comparison of open chromatin during preimplantation development reveals strong similarity in the regulatory circuitry underlying bovine and human EGA compared to mouse. Moreover, TFs associated with murine EGA are not enriched in cattle or humans, indicating that cattle may be a more informative model for human preimplantation development than mice.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Divergent Capsule Biosynthesis and Transport Operon Promoters in Serogroup BNeisseria meningitidis

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2502-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Ling Tzeng ◽  
John S. Swartley ◽  
Yoon K. Miller ◽  
Rachel E. Nisbet ◽  
Li-Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Intergenic Sequence ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT The clinically important serogroups B, C, Y, and W-135 ofNeisseria meningitidis produce sialic acid capsules that are critical in pathogenesis. In each of these serogroups, the capsule transport (ctrABCD) and capsule biosynthesis (synABCD) operons are divergently transcribed from putative promoters located in a 134-bp intergenic region (J. S. Swartley, J. H. Ahn, L. J. Liu, C. M. Kahler, and D. S. Stephens, J. Bacteriol. 178:4052–4059, 1996). In this study we further assessed the role of the intergenic sequence in the transcriptional regulation of the sialic acid capsules of N. meningitidis. Insertional mutagenesis or deletions of the 134-bp sequence in the serogroup B meningococcal strain NMB resulted in a marked reduction or elimination of ctrABCD and synABCDtranscription, with a concomitant loss of encapsulation. Chromosomal transcriptional lacZ-ermC reporter fusions ofsyn and ctr promoters were constructed through allelic exchange. Using these constructs, both operons were found to be constitutively transcribed in meningococci, the biosynthesis operon about fourfold higher than the transport operon. Both promoters showed increased activity during stationary-phase growth. In addition to the promoters, a 70-bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR) upstream ofsynA was found to have a direct repeat and an inverted repeat that overlapped three putative integration host factor binding sites. Mutation of this 70-bp UTR and of the direct repeat upregulated both syn and ctr transcription. Regulation through the synA UTR was absent in a K1 Escherichia coli strain that produces identical capsular polysaccharide, implicating species-specific regulation. Meningococcal sialic acid capsule expression is initiated by divergent promoters in a 134-bp intergenic region, is repressed at the transcriptional level by the 5′ UTR of synA, is increased during stationary-phase growth, and shows species-specific regulation. Transcriptional regulation is another important control point for sialic capsule expression inN. meningitidis.

scholarly journals Species-specific regulation of angiogenesis by glucocorticoids reveals contrasting effects on inflammatory and angiogenic pathways

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0192746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Morgan ◽  
John Keen ◽  
Daniel Halligan ◽  
Alan O’Callaghan ◽  
Ruth Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Species-specific Regulation and Switching of Transcription between Stage-specific Ribosomal RNA Genes inPlasmodium berghei

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. 3583-3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Waters ◽  
Rosalina M. L. van Spaendonk ◽  
Jai Ramesar ◽  
Richard A. W. Vervenne ◽  
Roeland W. Dirks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rna Genes

Species-Specific Regulation of the α-2(I) Procollagen Gene by Proximal Promoter Elements

IUBMB Life ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virna Leaner ◽  
Agatha Masemola ◽  
Iqbal Parker
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Promoter Elements ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Mating and male pheromone kill Caenorhabditis males through distinct mechanisms

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Shi ◽  
Alexi M Runnels ◽  
Coleen T Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Male Pheromone ◽  
Structure Regulation ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Number Of Males

Differences in longevity between sexes is a mysterious yet general phenomenon across great evolutionary distances. To test the roles of responses to environmental cues and sexual behaviors in longevity regulation, we examined Caenorhabditis male lifespan under solitary, grouped, and mated conditions. We find that neurons and the germline are required for male pheromone-dependent male death. Hermaphrodites with a masculinized nervous system secrete male pheromone and are susceptible to male pheromone killing. Male pheromone-mediated killing is unique to androdioecious Caenorhabditis, and may reduce the number of males in hermaphroditic populations; neither males nor females of gonochoristic species are susceptible to male pheromone killing. By contrast, mating-induced death, which is characterized by germline-dependent shrinking, glycogen loss, and ectopic vitellogenin expression, utilizes distinct molecular pathways and is shared between the sexes and across species. The study of sex- and species-specific regulation of aging reveals deeply conserved mechanisms of longevity and population structure regulation.

scholarly journals Evolution of a developmental mechanism: Species-specific regulation of the cell cycle and the timing of events during craniofacial osteogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 385 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hall ◽  
Andrew H. Jheon ◽  
Erin L. Ealba ◽  
B. Frank Eames ◽  
Kristin D. Butcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Developmental Mechanism ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Species Specific
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