Genetic differentiation and host preference reveal non-exclusive host races in the generalist parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Stojanova ◽  
R Delourme ◽  
P Duffé ◽  
P Delavault ◽  
P Simier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

scholarly journals Effects of different methods to control the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel in processing tomato crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Disciglio ◽  
Francesco Lops ◽  
Antonia Carlucci ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Annalisa Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

The root-parasitic weed <em>Phelipanche ramosa</em> (L.) Pomel represents a major problem for processing tomato crops. The control of this holoparasitic plant is difficult, and better understanding of treatment methods is needed to develop new and specific control strategies. This study investigated 12 agronomic, chemical, biological and biotechnological strategies for the control of this parasitic weed, in comparison with the untreated situation. The trial was carried out in 2014 at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Environment of the University of Foggia (southern Italy), using processing tomato plants grown in pots filled with soil from a field that was heavily infested with <em>P. ramosa</em>. After transplantation, top dressing was performed with 70 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> nitrogen. A randomised block design with 3 replicates (pots) was adopted. During the growing cycle of the tomato, at 70, 75, 81 and 88 days after transplantation, the number of parasitic shoots (branched plants) that had emerged in each pot was determined, and the leaf chlorophyll of the plants was measured using a soil-plantanalysis- development meter. At harvesting on 8 August 2014, the major quanti-qualitative yield parameters were determined, including marketable yield, mean weight, dry matter, soluble solids, and fruit colour. The results show lower chlorophyll levels in the parasitised tomato plants, compared to healthy plants. None of the treatments provided complete control against P. ramosa. However, among the methods tested, Radicon® biostimulant (Radicon, Inc., Elk Grove Village, IL, USA), compost activated with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, nitrogen and sulphur mineral fertilisers, Enzone<sup>TM</sup> soil fumigant (Elliott Chemicals Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand), and a resistant tomato genotype mitigated the virulence of the attacks of this parasite. These effects should be improved by combining some of these treatments, especially for gradual and continued reduction in the <em>seed bank</em> of the parasite in the soil. For the tomato yields across the different treatments, there were no significant differences seen; however, the yields showed an improving trend for treatments with lower presence of the <em>P. ramosa</em> weed.

Genetic differentiation between two host ?races? and two species of cleptoparasitic bees and between their two hosts

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Packer ◽  
Angela Dzinas ◽  
Karen Strickler ◽  
Virginia Scott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Races

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation Within and Between Two Habitats

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Rousset
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Ecological Types ◽  
F Statistics

Abstract We investigate the usefulness of analyses of population differentiation between different ecological types, such as host races of parasites or sources and sink habitats. To that aim, we formulate a model of population structure involving two classes of subpopulations found in sympatry. Extensions of previous results for Wright's F-statistics in island and isolation-by-distance models of dispersal are given. It is then shown that source and sinks cannot in general be distinguished by F-statistics nor by their gene diversities. The excess differentiation between two partially isolated classes with respect to differentiation within classes is shown to decrease with distance, and for a wide range of parameter values it should be difficult to detect. In the same circumstances little differentiation will be observed in “hierarchical analyses between pools of samples from each habitat, and differences between levels of differentiation within each habitat will only reflect differences between levels of gene diversity within each habitat. Exceptions will indicate strong isolation between the different classes or habitat-related divergent selection.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation among sympatric cuckoo host races: males matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1712) ◽  
pp. 1639-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Fossøy ◽  
Anton Antonov ◽  
Arne Moksnes ◽  
Eivin Røskaft ◽  
Johan R. Vikan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Female Specific

Generalist parasites regularly evolve host-specific races that each specialize on one particular host species. Many host-specific races originate from geographically structured populations where local adaptations to different host species drive the differentiation of distinct races. However, in sympatric populations where several host races coexist, gene flow could potentially disrupt such host-specific adaptations. Here, we analyse genetic differentiation among three sympatrically breeding host races of the brood-parasitic common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus . In this species, host-specific adaptations are assumed to be controlled by females only, possibly via the female-specific W-chromosome, thereby avoiding that gene flow via males disrupts local adaptations. Although males were more likely to have offspring in two different host species (43% versus 7%), they did not have significantly more descendants being raised outside their putative foster species than females (9% versus 2%). We found significant genetic differentiation for both biparentally inherited microsatellite DNA markers and maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA markers. To our knowledge, this is the first study that finds significant genetic differentiation in biparentally inherited markers among cuckoo host-specific races. Our results imply that males also may contribute to the evolution and maintenance of the different races, and hence that the genes responsible for egg phenotype may be found on autosomal chromosomes rather than the female-specific W-chromosome as previously assumed.

scholarly journals A Phelipanche ramosa KAI2 Protein Perceives enzymatically Strigolactones and Isothiocyanates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Saint Germain ◽  
Anse Jacobs ◽  
Guillaume Brun ◽  
Jean-Bernard Pouvreau ◽  
Lukas Braem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Signal Perception ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa

AbstractPhelipanche ramosa is an obligate root-parasitic weed threatening major crops in central Europe. For its germination, it has to perceive various structurally diverging host-exuded signals, including isothiocyanates (ITCs) and strigolactones (SLs). However, the receptors involved are still uncharacterized. Here, we identified five putative SL receptors in P. ramosa, of which PrKAI2d3 is involved in seed germination stimulation. We established the high plasticity of PrKAI2d3, allowing interaction with different chemicals, including ITCs. The SL perception mechanism of PrKAI2d3 is similar to that of endogenous SLs in non-parasitic plants. We provide evidence that the PrKAI2d3 enzymatic activity confers hypersensitivity to SLs. Additionally, we demonstrated that methylbutenolide-OH binds PrKAI2d3 and stimulates P. ramosa germination with a bioactivity comparable to that of ITCs. This study highlights that P. ramosa has extended its signal perception system during evolution, a fact to be considered in the development of specific and efficient biocontrol methods.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella

Nature ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 336 (6194) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Feder ◽  
Charles A. Chilcote ◽  
Guy L. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Apple Maggot Fly
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