Impacts of cropping system and management practices on the assembly of weed communities

Weed Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Barroso ◽  
Z J Miller ◽  
E A Lehnhoff ◽  
P G Hatfield ◽  
F D Menalled
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weed Communities

Weed Management in Asian Vegetable Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. William ◽  
M. Y. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Control Technologies

In tropical and subtemperate regions of the world, farmers plant vegetables and other crops in a vast array of cropping systems that often involve more than one crop being grown on the same parcel of land in a year. Weed communities within each cropping system shift depending on physical and climatic factors and the specific crop and weed management practices employed. Modern weed management strategies involve combinations of crop production practices and specific weed control technologies intended to reduce weed competition, thereby shifting the competitive balance in favor of the crop. Weed research and, training efforts, therefore, must focus on the entire cropping system with emphasis on year-round and multi-year management of weed communities.

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

Environmental factors including management practices as correlates of weed community composition in spring seeded crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. T. Dale ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
E. A. John
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Seed Crops

The relationship between the weed communities and environmental variables such as soil, crop, and management was investigated in two provinces of Canada. The frequencies of weed species were recorded in cereal and oilseed fields in Saskatchewan (2244 fields over 4 years) and Manitoba (864 fields over 3 years), Canada. Information on some of the physical characteristics of the fields and on the management practices imposed on them was also collected, in part by questionnaire. The two kinds of data were ordinated together using canonical correspondence analysis to assess the relationships between the species and the environmental variables. In the Saskatchewan data, there was a clear and consistent separation of the species into groups along an axis correlated with soil zone and the associated climatic gradient. In the Manitoba data, the same groups of species did not separate as clearly or as consistently, although geographic region was a major determinant of the weed communities. The greater variability may be due to the fact that the gradient of soil types is much more restricted in Manitoba and not as closely correlated with climatic conditions. In both provinces, culture practices were less important as correlates of the weed community composition than soil type or, to a certain extent, the previous crop. Key words: canonical correspondence analysis, cereal crops, oil seed crops.

Effect of long-term nutrient management practices on soil health and paddy yield of rice-rice-fallow cropping system in tropic humid climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 103362
Author(s):  
Umme Aminun Naher ◽  
Md Mozammel Haque ◽  
Faruk Hossain Khan ◽  
Md Imran Ullah Sarkar ◽  
Tahmid Hossain Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Paddy Yield

Residual Effect of Weed Management Practices Executed in Preceding Maize on Succeeding Greengram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

Background: Maize followed by summer pulses is the emerging cropping system in many places in India. Herbicides are the efficient tools for checking weed infestation and their usage is increasing throughout the globe due to increased labour cost and quick weed control. Some herbicides do not degrade quickly and may remain in the soil for weeks, months or years after application and may inhibit the growth of succeeding crops. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during rabi and summer seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to know the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding greengram. Result: The present study revealed that lower density and dry weight of total weeds and higher yield attributes and yield was recorded with the practice of adopting two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS, which was however, at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb one HW at 30 DAS, atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE and atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE, without any significant disparity among them. Herbicides applied in maize did not alter statistically the enzyme activity and microbial count in the soil at harvest of succeeding greeengram. 

scholarly journals Association of Chocolate Spot and Faba Bean Rust Epidemics with Climate Change Resilient Cultural Practices in Bale Highlands, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gosaye Eshetu ◽  
Yekedem Bimrew ◽  
Hassen Shifa
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
The Mean

Field survey was conducted in south eastern Ethiopia to determine the disease intensity of chocolate spot and rust and to investigate the association of disease intensity (incidence and severity) with environmental factors and crop cultural practices. A total of 280 faba bean fields were surveyed in eight districts, and type of cropping system, weed management practices, crop growth stage, previous crop in the field, and sowing date were recorded. The associations of disease intensity with independent variables were evaluated using logistic regression model. Mean disease incidence of chocolate spot varied from 70.9 to 93.2% in most fields while percentage severity index (PSI) ranged from 10.5 to 47.1%. In a reduced multiple variable model, chocolate PSI ≤ 30% showed high probability of association with mixed cropping system, good weed management practices, late planting, and when faba bean was rotated with vegetables and cereals. The mean disease incidence of faba bean rust was varied from 23.6 to 78.2%, while the mean PSI of rust was varied from 4.8 to 37.9%. In Gasera, Dinsho, and Agarfa districts, poor weed management practices, fields planted in the month of July, and when previous crop was legume had a high probability of association to (>20) rust PSI in a multiple variable reduced model. In contrast, soil types, fertilizer applied, and fungicides sprayed were not associated with disease intensity. The present study has identified cropping system, planting date, previous crop, district, and weed management practices as important variables that influence faba bean chocolate spot and rust epidemics in diversified fields. Therefore, proper weeding management practices, late planting, crop rotation habit, and other related farm practices should be carried out to reduce chocolate spot and rust impact until resistant faba bean genotypes are developed and distributed to the area.

scholarly journals Bioactive Properties of Fruits and Leafy Vegetables Managed with Integrated, Organic, and Organic No-Tillage Practices in the Mediterranean Area: A Two-Year Rotation Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Ceccanti ◽  
Marco Landi ◽  
Daniele Antichi ◽  
Lucia Guidi ◽  
Luigi Manfrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Starting Point

The sustainability of current farming systems has been questioned in the last decades, especially in terms of the environmental impact and mitigation of global warming. Also, the organic sector, which is supposed to impact less on the environment than other more intensive systems, is looking for innovative solutions to improve its environmental sustainability. Promisingly, the integration of organic management practices with conservation agriculture techniques may help to increase environmental sustainability of food production. However, little is known about the possible impact of conservation agriculture on the content of bioactive compounds in cash crops. For this reason, a two-year rotation experiment used 7 cash crops (4 leafy vegetables and 3 fruit crops) to compare integrated (INT), organic farming (ORG), and organic no-tillage (ORG+) systems to evaluate the possible influence of cropping systems on the nutritional/nutraceutical values of the obtained fruits and leafy vegetables. The results pointed out specific responses based on the species as well as the year of cultivation. However, cultivation with the ORG+ cropping system resulted in effective obtainment of fruits and vegetables with higher levels of bioactive compounds in several cases (11 out 16 observations). The ORG+ cropping system results are particularly promising for leafy vegetable cultivation, especially when ORG+ is carried out on a multi-year basis. Aware that the obtained data should be consolidated with longer-term experiments, we conclude that this dataset may represent a good starting point to support conservation agriculture systems as a possible sustainable strategy to obtain products with higher levels of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Measuring N2O Emissions from Multiple Sources Using a Backward Lagrangian Stochastic Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1277
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsien Lin ◽  
Richard H. Grant ◽  
Cliff T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Emissions Modeling ◽  
Short Period

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil are substantially influenced by nitrogen (N) and field management practices. While routinely soil chambers have been used to measure emissions from small plots, measuring field-scale emissions with micrometeorological methods has been limited. This study implemented a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) technique to simultaneously and near-continuously measure N2O emissions from four adjacent fields of approximately 1 ha each. A scanning open-path Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR), edge-of-field gas sampling and measurement, locally measured turbulence, and bLS emissions modeling were integrated to measure N2O emissions from four adjacent fields of maize production using different management in 2015. The maize N management treatments consisted of 220 kg NH3-N ha−1 applied either as one application in the fall after harvest or spring before planting or split between fall after harvest and spring before planting. The field preparation treatments evaluated were no-till (NT) and chisel plow (ChP). This study showed that the OP-FTIR plus bLS method had a minimum detection limit (MDL) of ±1.2 µg m−2 s−1 (3σ) for multi-source flux measurements. The average N2O emission of the four treatments ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 µg m−2 s−1 over the study period of 01 May to 11 June after the spring fertilizer application. The management of the full-N rate applied in the fall led to higher N2O emissions than the split-N rates applied in the fall and spring. Based on the same N application, the ChP practice tended to increase N2O emissions compared with NT. Advection of N2O from adjacent fields influenced the estimated emissions; uncertainty (1σ) in emissions was 0.5 ± 0.3 µg m−2 s−1 if the field of interest received a clean measured upwind background air, but increased to 1.1 ± 0.5 µg m−2 s−1 if all upwind sources were advecting N2O over the field of interest. Moreover, higher short-period emission rates (e.g., half-hour) were observed in this study by a factor of 1.5~7 than other micrometeorological studies measuring N2O-N loss from the N-fertilized cereal cropping system. This increment was attributed to the increase in N fertilizer input and soil temperature during the measurement. We concluded that this method could make near-continuous “simultaneous” flux comparisons between treatments, but further studies are needed to address the discrepancies in the presented values with other comparable N2O flux studies.

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