Ex vivo comparison of leakage pressures and leakage location with a novel technique for creation of functional side‐to‐side canine small intestinal anastomoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Chu ◽  
Daniel J. Duffy ◽  
Miranda D. Vieson ◽  
George E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intestinal Anastomoses ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Leakage Location

scholarly journals Modulation of Intestinal Phosphate Transport in Young Goats Fed a Low Phosphorus Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Joie L. Behrens ◽  
Nadine Schnepel ◽  
Kathrin Hansen ◽  
Karin Hustedt ◽  
Marion Burmester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Pi Transport ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D3

The intestinal absorption of phosphate (Pi) takes place transcellularly through the active NaPi-cotransporters type IIb (NaPiIIb) and III (PiT1 and PiT2) and paracellularly by diffusion through tight junction (TJ) proteins. The localisation along the intestines and the regulation of Pi absorption differ between species and are not fully understood. It is known that 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) and phosphorus (P) depletion modulate intestinal Pi absorption in vertebrates in different ways. In addition to the apical uptake into the enterocytes, there are uncertainties regarding the basolateral excretion of Pi. Functional ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers and molecular studies of small intestinal epithelia were carried out on P-deficient goats in order to elucidate the transepithelial Pi route in the intestine as well as the underlying mechanisms of its regulation and the proteins, which may be involved. The dietary P reduction had no effect on the duodenal and ileal Pi transport rate in growing goats. The ileal PiT1 and PiT2 mRNA expressions increased significantly, while the ileal PiT1 protein expression, the mid jejunal claudin-2 mRNA expression and the serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels were significantly reduced. These results advance the state of knowledge concerning the complex mechanisms of the Pi homeostasis in vertebrates.

scholarly journals Development of a gel dedicated to gel immersion endoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. E918-E924
Author(s):  
Tomonori Yano ◽  
Atsushi Ohata ◽  
Yuji Hiraki ◽  
Makoto Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Abstract Backgrounds and study aims Gel immersion endoscopy is a novel technique to secure the visual field during endoscopy. The aim of this study was to develop a dedicated gel for this technique. Methods To identify appropriate viscoelasticity and electrical conductivity, various gels were examined. Based on these results, the dedicated gel “OPF-203” was developed. Efficacy and safety of OPF-203 were evaluated in a porcine model. Results  In vitro experiments showed that a viscosity of 230 to 1900 mPa·s, loss tangent (tanδ) ≤ 0.6, and hardness of 240 to 540 N/cm2 were suitable. Ex vivo experiments showed electrical conductivity ≤ 220 μS/cm is appropriate. In vivo experiments using gastrointestinal bleeding showed that OPF-203 provided clear visualization compared to water. After electrocoagulation of gastric mucosa in OPF-203, severe coagulative necrosis was not observed in the muscularis but limited to the mucosa. Conclusions OPF-203 is useful for gel immersion endoscopy.

Ozaki procedure: Ex vivo simulation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Autologous Pericardium ◽  
Video Tutorial ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Valve Reconstruction

Replacements for diseased aortic valves are limited. Repair of the aortic valve is performed by only a few surgeons. A novel technique of aortic valve reconstruction using autologous pericardium shows promising results. In this video tutorial, we demonstrate the Ozaki procedure using an ex vivo low fidelity simulation.

scholarly journals Ex vivo activity of cytotoxic drugs and targeted agents in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Kosmas Daskalakis ◽  
Olov Norlén ◽  
Andreas Karakatsanis ◽  
Per Hellman ◽  
Rolf Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Protein Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Tumor Types

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are generally considered resistant to systemic treatment. To date, predictive markers for drug activity are lacking. Tumor samples from 27 patients with SI-NETs were analyzed ex vivo for sensitivity to a panel of cytotoxic drugs and targeted agents using a short-term total cell kill assay. Samples of renal cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), ovarian cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were included for comparison. For the SI-NET subset, drug sensitivity was analyzed in relation to clinicopathological variables and pre-treatment biomarkers. For cytotoxic drugs, SI-NETs demonstrated similar or higher sensitivity to 5-FU, platinum, gemcitabine and doxorubicin compared with CRC. For several of the targeted kinase inhibitors, SI-NET was among the most sensitive solid tumor types. CLL and ovarian cancer were generally the most sensitive tumor types to both cytotoxic drugs and protein kinase inhibitors. SI-NET was more sensitive to the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus than the other solid tumor types tested. Individual SI-NET samples demonstrated great variability in ex vivo sensitivity for most drugs. Cross-resistance between different drugs also varied considerably, being higher among protein kinase inhibitors. Age, stage, grade, peritoneal carcinomatosis and extra-abdominal metastases as well as serum chromogranin A and urine 5-HIAA concentrations at diagnosis did not correlate to drug sensitivity ex vivo. SI-NETs exhibit intermediate sensitivity ex vivo to cytotoxic and targeted drugs. Clinicopathological factors and currently used biomarkers are not clearly associated to ex vivo sensitivity, challenging these criteria for treatment decisions in SI-NET. The great variability in drug sensitivity calls for individualized selection of therapy.

scholarly journals Intestinal organoids expose heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ku Jang ◽  
Maria E Kaczmarek ◽  
Simone Dallari ◽  
Ying-Han Chen ◽  
Jordan Axelrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Interferon Signature ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Primary Tissue

Organoids generated from primary human specimens facilitate investigation of the intestinal barrier by recreating the complex cellular composition of the epithelium. Although the significance remains unclear, intestinal organoid lines display heterogeneity in their growth and morphology. We hypothesized that organoids will also display variability in the degree to which they are susceptible to infectious agents. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a model, we found orders of magnitude differences in the amount of SARS-CoV-2 recovered from small intestinal and colonic organoids generated from different donors. SARS-CoV-2 burden did not correlate with demographic or clinical features associated with donors, but rather reflected the expression level of the virus receptor ACE2. Remarkably, organoid ACE2 transcript levels matched the amount of ACE2 detected in primary tissue from the same individual, indicating that certain properties of the intestinal epithelium are retained during ex vivo differentiation. Longitudinal transcriptomics of organoids identified a delayed yet robust interferon signature, the magnitude of which corresponded to the degree of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that intestinal organoids display substantial heterogeneity in their ability to support viral infections and can potentially inform mechanisms behind interindividual differences in susceptibility to infectious disease.

A CLUE for better assessment of donor lungs: Novel technique in clinical ex vivo lung perfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227
Author(s):  
Kamal S. Ayyat ◽  
Toshihiro Okamoto ◽  
Hiromichi Niikawa ◽  
Ichiro Sakanoue ◽  
Siddharth Dugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion ◽  
Novel Technique

scholarly journals Endoscopic mucosal resection with an additional working channel (EMR+) in a porcine ex vivo model: a novel technique to improve en bloc resection rate of snare polypectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. E99-E104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Knoop ◽  
Edris Wedi ◽  
Golo Petzold ◽  
Sebastian C.B. Bremer ◽  
Ahmad Amanzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
En Bloc Resection ◽  
Bloc Resection ◽  
Resection Rate ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Mucosal Resection ◽  
Flat Lesions

Abstract Background and study aims Recently, a new external additional working channel (AWC) was introduced by which conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) can be improved to a technique termed “EMR+”. We first evaluated this novel technique in comparison to classical EMR in flat lesions. Methods The trial was prospectively conducted in an ex vivo animal model with porcine stomachs placed into the EASIE-R simulator. Prior to intervention, standardized lesions were set by coagulation dots, measuring 1, 2, 3 or 4 cm. Results Overall, 152 procedures were performed. EMR and EMR+ were both very reliable in 1-cm lesions, each showing en bloc resection rates of 100 %. EMR+ en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in 2-cm lesions (95.44 % vs. 54.55 %, P = 0.02), in 3-cm lesions (86.36 % vs. 18.18 %, P < 0.01) and also in 4-cm lesions (60.00 % vs. 0 %, P < 0.01). Perforations occurred only in EMR+ procedures in 4-cm lesions (3 of 20; 15 %). Conclusions With its grasp-and-snare technique, EMR+ facilitates en bloc resection of larger lesions compared to conventional EMR. In lesions 2 cm and larger, EMR+ has demonstrated advantages, especially concerning en bloc resection rate. At 3 cm, EMR+ reaches its best discriminatory power whereas EMR+ has inherent limits at 4 cm and in lesions of that size, other techniques such as ESD or surgery should be considered.

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