Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a new approach in stem cell therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Börger ◽  
M. Bremer ◽  
A. Görgens ◽  
B. Giebel
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 axis in injury repair and renal transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 5426-5440
Author(s):  
Zejia Sun ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Peng Cao ◽  
Baozhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cxc Chemokine Receptor 4 ◽  
Cxc Chemokine ◽  
Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽  
Chemokine Receptor 4 ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Stem cell therapy has shown promise in treating a variety of pathologies, such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and organ transplantation. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) axis plays a key role in stem cell mobilization. This review describes the important role of SDF-1 in tissue injury and how it works in tissue revascularization and regeneration via CXCR4. Furthermore, factors influencing the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and its clinical potential in ischaemia reperfusion injury, such as renal transplantation, are discussed. Exploring signalling pathways of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis will contribute to the development of stem cell therapy so that more clinical problems can be solved. Controlling directional homing of stem cells through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is key to improving the efficacy of stem cell therapy for tissue injury. CXCR4 antagonists may also be effective in increasing circulating levels of adult stem cells, thereby exerting beneficial effects on damaged or inflamed tissues in diseases that are currently not treated by standard approaches.

scholarly journals From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A New Therapeutic Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jancy Johnson ◽  
Mozhgan Shojaee ◽  
James Mitchell Crow ◽  
Ramin Khanabdali
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Paracrine Factor ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Therapeutic Development

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells obtained from many tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and placenta. MSCs are the leading cell source for stem cell therapy due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, their low risk of tumorigenesis and lack of ethical constraints. However, clinical applications of MSCs remain limited. MSC therapeutic development continues to pose challenges in terms of preparation, purity, consistency, efficiency, reproducibility, processing time and scalability. Additionally, there are issues with their poor engraftment and survival in sites of disease or damage that limit their capacity to directly replace damaged cells. A key recent development in MSC research, however, is the now widely accepted view that MSCs primarily exert therapeutic effects via paracrine factor secretion. One of the major paracrine effectors are extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs represent a potential cell-free alternative to stem cell therapy but are also rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic platform in their own right, particularly in the form of engineered EVs (EEVs) tailored to target a broad range of clinical indications. However, the development of EVs and EEVs for therapeutic application still faces a number of hurdles, including the establishment of a consistent, scalable cell source, and the development of robust GMP-compliant upstream and downstream manufacturing processes. In this review we will highlight the clinical challenges of MSC therapeutic development and discuss how EVs and EEVs can overcome the challenges faced in the clinical application of MSCs.

scholarly journals Stem cell therapy: a new approach to the treatment of refractory depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyasu Kigawa ◽  
Eri Hashimoto ◽  
Wataru Ukai ◽  
Takao Ishii ◽  
Kengo Furuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Refractory Depression
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