Manufacturing method affects mitochondrial DNA release and extracellular vesicle composition in stored red blood cells

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bakkour ◽  
J. P. Acker ◽  
D. M. Chafets ◽  
H. C. Inglis ◽  
P. J. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Dna Release

Screening of red blood cells for extracellular vesicle content as a product quality indicator

Transfusion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 2217-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Acker ◽  
Ruqayyah J. Almizraq ◽  
Daniel Millar ◽  
Elisabeth Maurer-Spurej
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Vesicle Content

scholarly journals Red Blood Cells Homeostatically Bind Mitochondrial DNA through TLR9 to Maintain Quiescence and to Prevent Lung Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan J. Hotz ◽  
Danielle Qing ◽  
Michael G. S. Shashaty ◽  
Peggy Zhang ◽  
Hilary Faust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Autologous Cell Salvaged Blood in Orthopedic Surgery

Surgeries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Maximilian Kutschera ◽  
Agnes Pischlaeger ◽  
Larissa Sztulman ◽  
Sibylle Kietaibl ◽  
Andreas Spittler
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Cell Salvage ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Autologous Cell ◽  
Event Rates

(1) Background: Cell salvage is highly recommended in orthopedic surgery to avoid allogeneic transfusions. Preparational steps during cell salvage may induce extracellular vesicle (EV) formation with potential thrombogenic activity. The purpose of our study was to assess the appearance of EVs at retransfusion. (2) Methods: After ethics committee approval and informed consent, blood was withdrawn from the autotransfusion system (Xtra, Sorin, Germany) of 23 patients undergoing joint arthroplasty. EVs were assessed by flow cytometry in two times centrifugated samples. EVs were stained with specific antibodies against cellular origins from platelets (CD41), myeloid cells (CD15), monocytes (CD14), and erythrocytes (CD235a). The measured events/µL in the flow cytometer were corrected to the number of EVs in the retransfusate. (3) Results: We measured low event rates of EVs from platelets and myeloid origin (<1 event/µL) and from monocytic origin (<2 events/µL). Mean event rates of 17,042 events/µL (range 12–81,164 events/µL) were found for EVs from red blood cells. (4) Conclusion: Retransfusate contains negligible amounts of potentially thrombogenic EVs from platelet and monocytic origin. Frequent EVs from erythrocytes may indicate red blood cell destruction and/or activation during autologous cell salvage. Further research is needed to investigate the clinical relevance of EVs from salvaged red blood cells.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cells Function as DNA Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metthew Lam ◽  
Sophia Murphy ◽  
Dimitra Kokkinaki ◽  
Alessandro Venosa ◽  
Scott Sherrill-Mix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Cell Clearance

AbstractErythrocytes have long been mistaken as exclusively inert oxygen carriers lacking immune function. Here we show that red blood cells (RBCs) serve as immune sensors through surface expression of the nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), a classically endosomal receptor that initiates immune responses following the detection of unmethylated CpG motifs present in pathogen and mitochondrial DNA. Mammalian RBCs express TLR9 on their surface and bind CpG-containing bacterial, malarial, and mitochondrial DNA. Erythrocyte-bound CpG DNA increases during infection, and CpG-carrying RBCs trigger accelerated erythrophagocytosis and innate immune activation characterized by RBC-TLR9 dependent local and systemic cytokine production. Thus, RBC nucleic acid detection and capture regulates red cell clearance and immune responses and provides evidence for RBCs as innate immune sentinels during pathologic states.One Sentence SummaryThe ability of RBCs to detect and bind cell-free nucleic acids contributes to immunity during acute inflammatory states.

scholarly journals Fisiologie en patofisiologie van selorganelle

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
J. J. Theron ◽  
N. Claasen ◽  
N. Lizamore
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Internal Membrane

Mitochondria are found in all eucaryotic cells except mature red blood cells. The structural components of these organelles are briefly described. The primary function of mitochondria, i.e. transduction of energy with formation of ATP through a process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) occurs in six protein complexes arranged in sequence on the mitochondrial cristae formed by infoldings of the internal membrane. Mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes are found in mitochondria and protein synthesis can therefore occur in these organelles. However, most mitochondrial proteins and practically all lipids are imported from the cytoplasm.

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

Scanning electron microscopy of erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Victor Tsutsumi ◽  
Adolfo Martinez-Palomo ◽  
Kyuichi Tanikawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis in man. The trophozoite or motile form is a highly dynamic and pleomorphic cell with a great capacity to destroy tissues. Moreover, the parasite has the singular ability to phagocytize a variety of different live or death cells. Phagocytosis of red blood cells by E. histolytica trophozoites is a complex phenomenon related with amebic pathogenicity and nutrition.

Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
D.J.P. Ferguson ◽  
A.R. Berendt ◽  
J. Tansey ◽  
K. Marsh ◽  
C.I. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Process ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

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