Is it necessary to wait several minutes between applications of different topical ophthalmic solutions? A preliminary study with tropicamide eye drops in healthy dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikla Arad ◽  
Reut Deckel ◽  
Oren Pe’er ◽  
Maya Ross ◽  
Lionel Sebbag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Drops ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

Formulation and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Antibacterial Gels and Comparison of Different Polymers Using Factorial Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alka Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Cellulose ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

Different formulations for the treatment of eye infections are usually administered in the form of conventional ocular drug delivery systems which are topical eye drops or ointments (1). Typically ophthalmic bioavailabilities of only 1–10% are achieved due to the short precorneal residence time of ophthalmic solutions. (2) The preparation and evaluation of gel containing antibiotic azithromycin combined with different polymers like Carbopol, sodium alginate and Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was done and assessed to find out which polymer could best be used in preparing ophthalmic gels for this antibiotic using factorial design. Since the efficacy of these gels is dependent on factors like viscosity and pH, the polymers in these gels were also examined for different parameters such as pH, in vitro release, permeation and microbiological evaluation.

Preliminary Study of the Effect of FK506 Nanospheric-Suspension Eye Drops on Rejection of Penetrating Keratoplasty

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Lei Fei ◽  
Jia-Qi Chen ◽  
Jin Yuan ◽  
Da-Ping Quan ◽  
Shi-You Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy study of brimonidine tartrate 0.15% and timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution (benzalkonium chloride free) versus Brimolol® (with benzalkonium chloride) following single ocular instillation in New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Amit Thavkar ◽  
Sateesh Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Subhas Bhowmick ◽  
Vinod Burade
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is the most used preservative in topical eye drops but it causes effects such as dry eye and trabecular meshwork degeneration. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a polymeric biguanide is a less harmful preservative used in ophthalmic solutions. The objective of this study to com-pare the efficacy of PHMB preserved versus BKC preserved ophthalmic solutions containing brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate on intraocular pressure (IOP) following single ocular instillation in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits.Methods: This study was conducted on 12 normotensive male NZW rabbits (2.9-3.6 kg) between 6-9 months of age. Animals received single ocular instillation of 35 µl ophthalmic solution containing brimonidine tartrate 0.15 %w/v and timolol maleate 0.5% w/v with PHMB as preservative (n=6, test) or BKC as preservative (n=6, reference) as per the randomization. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after instillation using a pneumatonometer. Percentage change in IOP from pre-instillation values were calculated. Changes in IOP were analysed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post-test.Results: Single ocular instillation of PHMB and BKC formulations show significant IOP reduction up to 6 hours as compared with baseline (p<0.05). Reduction in IOP was 35.8% and 32.0% at 2 hours with PHMB and BKC formulations respectively. No differences were observed between the test and reference groups for change in IOP from baseline.Conclusions: PHMB preserved brimonidine tartrate 0.15% w/v and timolol maleate 0.5% w/v ophthalmic solution was comparable to BKC preserved solution in normotensive NZW rabbits.

scholarly journals Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Resistance in Use of Ophthalmic Solutions at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemlem Tamrat ◽  
Yeshigeta Gelaw ◽  
Getenet Beyene ◽  
Addisu Gize
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Eye drops are most frequently used medications in ophthalmology. The carriage of pathogenic organisms to eyes through the agency of eye drops has presented a serious problem for several decades. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of contamination and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of in-use ophthalmic solutions. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), Southwest Ethiopia, from June to December 2015. Samples from all ophthalmic solutions from outpatient department, operation theaters, and wards after an average duration of use of two weeks were taken. Samples were cultured and organisms were identified; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard microbial identification techniques. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was done and associations were taken as significant if P<0.05. Result. The rate of contamination of eye drops in the study setup was found to be 51/70 (72.8%). Frequency of contamination of eye drops found was to be statistically associated with the duration of use of eye drops. Contaminations of eye drops were high among patients who self-administer the medications and those individuals who apply the medication less frequently. Tips of the bottles were more often contaminated than the content of the eye drop. Majority of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms were sensitive for most of the broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, there were a significant number of Gram-negative organisms resistant to almost all antibiotics used. Conclusion. There is high rate of contamination of eye drops in the setup (72.8%). Duration of use of eye drops is a significant factor associated with contamination. Knowing duration time of each container and patient education on eye drop administration technique are mandatory.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in the Blood of Dogs with Cancer—A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Żmigrodzka ◽  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz ◽  
Alicja Rzepecka ◽  
Anna Cywińska ◽  
Dariusz Jagielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Abundant Population

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of submicron-sized structures released during the activation, proliferation, or apoptosis of various types of cells. Due to their size, their role in cell-to-cell communication in cancer is currently being discussed. In blood, the most abundant population of EVs is platelet-derived EVs (PEVs). The aim of this study was to estimate the absolute number and the origin of EVs in the blood of healthy dogs and of dogs with various types of cancer. The EV absolute number and cellular origin were examined by flow cytometry technique. EVs were classified on the basis of surface annexin V expression (phosphatidylserine PS+) and co-expression of specific cellular markers (CD61, CD45, CD3, CD21). The number of PEVs was significantly higher in dogs with cancer (median: 409/µL, range: 42–2748/µL vs. median: 170/µL, range: 101–449/µL in controls). The numbers of EVs derived from leukocytes (control median: 86/µL, range: 40–240/µL; cancer median: 443/µL, range: 44–3 352/µL) and T cells (control median: 5/µL, range: 2–66/µL; cancer median: 108/µL, range: 3–1735/µL) were higher in dogs with neoplasia compared to healthy controls. The estimation of PEV and leukocyte-derived EV counts may provide a useful biological marker in dogs with cancer.

Efficacy of Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic solutions compared to tobramycin 0.3% eye drops: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Motbaynor ◽  
Teshager Worku Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Clinical Cure Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

Abstract Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice for the treatment of signs and symptoms of eye diseases. Despite individual studies, there have been no summarized evidence about the efficacy of azithromycin over tobramycin eye drops. Therefore, the aim of this study was to abridge this gap by rendering conclusive evidence by comparing the efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% over tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions for the treatment of eye diseases in short duration in terms of bacterial resolution, cure rate and resolving clinical sign and symptoms of eye diseases. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in both electronic (Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and other sources (Worldcat, Mednar, Google and Google scholar). Multicenter randomized controlled trial studies conducted in the English language were identified and screened. Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment checklist for randomized controlled trials was used to critically appraise the methodological quality of studies. Analysis of individual studies was conducted using the OpenMeta-analyst and Review manager Version 5.3 software. The study was reported, according to the PRISMA reporting checklist. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In clinical cure rate, Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops were more effective than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in short duration dosing (≤ 5 days) with a twice-a-day regimen (RR=1.138; 95% CI:1.008, 1.284) whereas on increased duration (>5days) azithromycin is almost similarly as effective as tobramycin with (RR=1.007; 95% CI: 0.964, 1.052). There was no significant difference in efficacy of bacterial resolution of azithromycin (1%, 1.5%) eye drops compared to tobramycin (0.3%) eye drops (RR=0.992; 95% CI: 0.967, 1.0183). Conclusion: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops are more effective in clinical cure rate than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops for short duration treatment. So that it is recommended to use azithromycin instead of tobramycin eye drops to get good result in short duration dosage. Systematic Review Registration ID : CRD42019139911, registered on October 16,2019; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails Keywords: Azithromycin, Tobramycin, Efficacy, Eye drops, Eye diseases

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the neuroprotective role of citicoline eye drops in glaucomatous optic neuropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Roberti ◽  
Lucia Tanga ◽  
Vincenzo Parisi ◽  
Massimo Sampalmieri ◽  
Marco Centofanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic solutions compared to tobramycin 0.3% eye drops: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212095884
Author(s):  
Birhanu Motbaynor Alemu ◽  
Teshager Worku
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Clinical Cure Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

Background: Azithromycin 1% and 1.5% ophthalmic preparations are used widely in clinical practice for the treatment of signs and symptoms of eye diseases. The aim of this study was to render conclusive evidence by comparing the efficacy of azithromycin 1% and 1.5% over tobramycin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions for the treatment of eye diseases in a short duration in terms of bacterial resolution, the cure rate, and resolving clinical sign and symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in the electronic database (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science) and other sources. Multicenter randomized controlled trial studies conducted in English were identified and screened. Analysis of individual studies was conducted using the OpenMeta-analyst and Review Manager Version 5.3 software. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. In clinical cure rate, azithromycin 1% and 1.5% eye drops were more effective than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in short duration dosing (⩽5 days) with a twice-a-day regimen (relative risk = 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.008, 1.28), whereas on increased duration (>5 days), azithromycin is almost similarly as effective as tobramycin (relative risk = 1.007; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.05). There was no significant difference in efficacy of bacterial resolution of azithromycin (1%, 1.5%) eye drops compared to tobramycin (0.3%) eye drops (relative risk = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.018). Azithromycin eye drops are effective in improving the signs and symptoms of eye disease. Conclusion: Azithromycin 1% or 1.5% is more effective in the clinical cure rate of eye disease than tobramycin 0.3% eye drops in ⩽5 days of treatment. It is also the best choice of treatment for improving the signs and symptoms of eye disease. So that we recommend clinicians to use azithromycin 1% or 1.5% eye drops. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019139911

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