Tear glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations in cats with normal or increased plasma concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Andrea Steinmetz ◽  
Ulrike Jörn ◽  
Gerhard U. Oechtering ◽  
Romy M. Heilmann
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Tear Glucose

scholarly journals Use of BUN and MUN as Guides for Protein and Energy Supplementation in Cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Relative Deficiency

<p>As an adjunct to monitoring body weight changes and body condition score, blood or milk urea nitrogen (BUN or MUN) can be a useful tool for monitoring the protein­energy status of cattle. In healthy beef cows or finishing steers, urea nitrogen concentrations of less than about 7 mg/dL would indicate a deficiency of dietary protein (nitrogen) relative to the intake of digestible energy. In rapidly growing cattle or high producing dairy cows, urea nitrogen concentrations of less than about 15 mg/dL indicate a relative deficiency of dietary protein. Urea nitrogen concentrations of greater than 19 to 20 mg/dL have been associated with reduced conception and pregnancy rates in dairy cows.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Uso de niveles de nitrógeno uréico en sangre (BUN) y leche (MUN) como guía para la suplementación protéica y energética en bovinos</strong></p><p>Además de las mediciones tradicionales de cambios en el peso y la condición corporal, los niveles de nitrógeno uréico en sangre (BUN) o en leche (MUN) pueden utilizarse como herramientas para estimar el estado de la nutrición energético-proteínica del ganado. En vacas y novillos sanos, las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico por debajo de 7 mg/ dL indican deficiencias de proteína (nitrógeno) en la dieta con relación al consumo de energía digestible. En el ganado vacuno de rápido crecimiento o las vacas lecheras de alta producción, las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico menores de 15 mg/ dL señalan una deficiencia relativa de proteína en la dieta. Las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico mayores de 19 a 20 mg/dL, se han asociado con una reducción de las tasas de concepción y preñez en vacas lecheras.</p>

scholarly journals Biochemical indicators of condition, nutrition and nitrogen excretion in caribou

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Case
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Urinary urea nitrogen to creatinine ratios, urinary Nt-methylhistidine to creatinine ratios, serum urea nitrogen concentrations (SUN mg/dl), and serum Nt-methylhistidine concentrations were compared with physical measures of body composition in adult female barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from the Bathurst and Southampton Island herds during late winter. Body weight and UUC were used to estimate urinary urea nitrogen (urea-N) excretion in free ranging caribou. Only mean UUC reflected differences in fat reserves between populations. None of the biochemical indicators were directly related to body composition. However, elevated UUC were only observed in caribou with depleted fat reserves as demonstrated by low kidney fat index (KFK40) and/or reduced femur marrow fat (FMF&lt;80). UUC greater than 0.25 were indicative of undernourished animals with depleted fat reserves. SUN and UN -MHC showed no clear relationship with fat reserves. The mean estimated daily urea-N excretion for adult female caribou in late winter was extremely low (0.11+0.01SE g urea-N/day, n=76, range=0.011-0.510). The results of my study suggest that UUC can be used to detect nutritionally stressed caribou with depleted fat reserves on lichen winter ranges.

Changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status in endurance horses following transport and an overnight stay prior to competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. Langdon Fielding ◽  
K. Gary Magdesian
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Subsequent Elimination

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in electrolyte concentrations and hydration status that take place in endurance horses prior to the start of a competition and determine whether these changes would be associated with elimination. ANIMALS 19 horses entered in the 2016 Tevis Cup 100-Miles (160 km) One-Day Western States Trail Ride. PROCEDURES Heparinized blood samples were collected at 5 time points: prior to transport to the ride (T0), during check-in the day before the ride (T1), 1 to 2 hours before the start of the ride (T2), at the 15-km mark (T3), and at the 55-km mark (T4). Packed cell volume and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, glucose, bicarbonate, and total protein concentrations were determined and compared across time points and between finishers and nonfinishers. RESULTS Signif icant differences were detected among plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations measured prior to the start of the ride (ie, T0, T1, and T2). For all variables except chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, significant differences were detected between values obtained prior to the start of the ride and values obtained during the ride (ie, T3 and T4). Only bicarbonate concentration at the 15-km mark of the ride was significantly associated with finishing status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium, and urea nitrogen concentrations can occur in endurance horses during transport to a competition and when horses are stabled overnight before an event. Additionally, a lower bicarbonate concentration following a steep climb early during the ride was associated with subsequent elimination.

Extended clinical trial and evaluation of urea nitrogen determination with the Ektachem GLU/BUN analyzer.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z L Bandi ◽  
J B Fuller ◽  
D E Bee ◽  
G P James
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract We followed the "abbreviated precision protocol" of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the evaluation of precision, accuracy, and carryover in analysis for urea nitrogen with the multilayer film analysis system ("Ektachem"). We analyzed 456 clinical samples with this instrument, by the manual urease/glucose dehydrogenase method, and with the Beckman System I GLU/BUN Analyzer. Precision and accuracy were estimated for 50, 220, 270, and 500 mg/L urea nitrogen concentrations in 100, 30, or 20 microL of serum. Potential interference of 15 compounds was evaluated. Random error (defined as 1.965 X SD) was 7, 10, 12, and 18 mg/L. Systematic error was 3, 4, 5, and 15 mg/L. Total analytical error was 11, 14, 17, and 34 mg/L for analysis of 100 microL of serum at the above-stated urea nitrogen concentrations. The greatest interference (6 mg/L) was caused by ethanol (300 mg/L) and by hemoglobin (500 mg/L) in the urea nitrogen (at 260 mg/L) determination. Urea nitrogen concentration, as determined with the Ektachem was linearly related to the expected concentration, at least up to 1187 mg/L. Carryover was not statistically significant.

Temporal response of plasma metabolites to ractopamine treatment in the growing pig

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Dunshea ◽  
RH King
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Daily Gain

Eight crossbred gilts (73 kg liveweight) were surgically prepared with indwelling venous catheters to examine the temporal pattern of circulating metabolites and hormones during dietary ractopamine (RAC, 0 or 20 mg kg-1) treatment for 24 days. Pigs were bled every 2 h for 24 h on days 1, 2, 8, 22 of treatment and again 5 days after withdrawal of RAC. Dietary RAC increased liveweight daily gain and decreased feed consumption : liveweight gain by 37 and 25%, respectively. There were no differences in growth performance between the two groups of pigs during the week after withdrawal of RAC. Dietary RAC had no acute or chronic effects upon plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) or glucose. Likewise, plasma NEFA and glucose were not different during the withdrawal period. Plasma urea nitrogen began to decrease after 24 h of dietary RAC treatment, and remained lower than for the controls for the duration of RAC treatment. Withdrawal of RAC caused a marked increase (21%) in plasma urea nitrogen. Dietary RAC decreased plasma insulin and negated the normal increase with age in plasma IGF-I. These metabolic data are consistent with increased protein deposition with little change in fat deposition during dietary RAC treatment.

scholarly journals Treatment of underfed pigs with GH throughout the second quarter of pregnancy increases fetal growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Gatford ◽  
JA Owens ◽  
RG Campbell ◽  
JM Boyce ◽  
PA Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Circulating growth hormone (GH) concentrations increase in pregnancy and administration of GH during early-mid pregnancy increases fetal growth in well-fed pigs. To determine whether increased maternal GH could promote fetal growth when feed availability is restricted, fifteen cross-bred primiparous sows (gilts) were fed at approximately 30% of ad libitum intake, from mating onwards and were injected daily i.m. with recombinant porcine GH (pGH) at doses of 0, 13.4+/-0.3 and 25.6+/-0.5 microg/kg live weight from day 25 to day 51 of pregnancy (term approximately 115 days). Treatment with pGH increased maternal backfat loss between day 25 and day 51 of pregnancy, and increased maternal plasma IGF-I concentrations measured at day 51 of pregnancy. Fetal body weight, length and skull width at day 51 of pregnancy were increased by maternal treatment with pGH. Fetal plasma glucose concentrations were increased and maternal/fetal plasma glucose concentration gradients were decreased by maternal pGH treatment at 13.4, but not 25.6 microg/kg.day. Fetal plasma concentrations of urea were decreased by both levels of pGH treatment. Overall, fetal weight was negatively correlated with fetal plasma concentrations of urea, positively correlated with maternal plasma alpha-amino nitrogen concentrations and unrelated to glucose concentrations in either maternal or fetal plasma. This suggests that the availability of amino acids, not glucose, limits fetal growth in the first half of pregnancy in underfed gilts, and that maternal GH treatment may improve amino acid delivery to the fetus.

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