Flow rates of double‐lumen over‐the‐wire catheters for high‐volume fluid resuscitation in large animal species

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana H. Giffoni ◽  
Raffaella B. C. Teixeira ◽  
Raphael R. Wenceslau ◽  
Melina A. F. Abrantes ◽  
Jéssica G. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
The Wire

scholarly journals The ship of the desert. The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), a domesticated animal species well adapted to extreme conditions of aridness and heat

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptation To Heat ◽  
Arabian Camel

The dromedary camel (Camel dromedarius) is extremely well adapted to life in hot and arid lands. In terms of physiological adaptation to heat and water deprivation it surpasses by far every other large animal of which data have been collected. None of the adaptive mechanisms to cope with the environmental stresses are unique to the Arabian camel, but the efficiency of its adaptation is superior. At high ambient temperatures the camels adapt to the scarcity of water by reducing their faecal, urinary and evaporative water losses. During dehydration, the kidneys reduce water losses both by decreasing the glomerual filtration rate and by increasing the tubular reabsorption of water. Also their ability of regulating their body temperature from 34.5-40.7 °C conserves a lot of water, when most needed.

scholarly journals Large animal models of stroke and traumatic brain injury as translational tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. R165-R190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel J. Sorby-Adams ◽  
Robert Vink ◽  
Renée J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Significant Burden

Acute central nervous system injury, encompassing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, accounts for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies in animal models have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex pathophysiology that underlies TBI and stroke and enabled the preclinical screening of over 1,000 novel therapeutic agents. Despite this, the translation of novel therapeutics from experimental models to clinical therapies has been extremely poor. One potential explanation for this poor clinical translation is the choice of experimental model, given that the majority of preclinical TBI and ischemic stroke studies have been conducted in small animals, such as rodents, which have small lissencephalic brains. However, the use of large animal species such as nonhuman primates, sheep, and pigs, which have large gyrencephalic human-like brains, may provide an avenue to improve clinical translation due to similarities in neuroanatomical structure when compared with widely adopted rodent models. This purpose of this review is to provide an overview of large animal models of TBI and ischemic stroke, including the surgical considerations, key benefits, and limitations of each approach.

259 EFFECTS OF BIPHASIC PACING IN LARGE ANIMAL SPECIES.

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. S302.4-S302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tondato ◽  
L. Rougée ◽  
G. K. Ostrander ◽  
M. Ungs ◽  
M. M. Mower
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Large Animal

Sutureless Closure of Arterial Cannulation Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Pasrija ◽  
Daniel A. Bernstein ◽  
Maryjoe Rice ◽  
Douglas Tran ◽  
David Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Closure Device ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Arterial Cannulation ◽  
Vascular Closure Device ◽  
Manual Pressure ◽  
Percutaneous Removal ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta

Objective Percutaneous femoral cannulation for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is commonly performed but percutaneous removal of arterial cannulas has not been broadly accepted. We hypothesized that a system that allows endovascular access to ECMO circuits along with the MANTA® large-bore vascular closure device could be used to successfully close arterial ECMO cannulation sites in a large animal model. Methods Yorkshire swine (40 to 60 kg, n = 2) were used for this study. In the first swine, the infrarenal abdominal aorta was exposed. The aorta was cannulated once using a 15 Fr cannula and twice with a 19 Fr arterial cannula. A novel adaptor system that facilitates endovascular access to ECMO circuits was connected, and a 0.035″ Benston wire was placed through the adaptor and guided into the aorta. The cannula was removed over the wire and manual pressure was applied. The MANTA® sheath was inserted over the wire followed by the closure unit and was deployed. The process was repeated at 2 separate sites. A similar experiment was performed in a second swine, but through a median sternotomy to cannulate the ascending aorta. Results Good hemostasis was achieved at all cannulation sites. Angiography demonstrated unobstructed flow across all closure sites with no evidence of extravasation. Conclusions The data presented here support the use of the MANTA® vascular closure device for the closure of arterial cannulation sites following ECMO decannulation and demonstrates utility of a novel adaptor system for establishing endovascular access in this context.

scholarly journals SP467DIALYSIS WITH REVERSED CONNECTED DOUBLE-LUMEN CATHETERS AND HIGH BLOOD FLOW RATES INCREASES RECIRCULATION BUT ENHANCES THE ADEQUACY OF DELIVERED HEMODIALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Kousoula ◽  
Panagiotis Georgianos ◽  
Konstantinos Mavromatidis ◽  
Christos Syrganis ◽  
Elias Thodis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Double Lumen ◽  
Flow Rates

scholarly journals THE RETURN OF WHAT NEVER LEFT: ANIMALS PRESENT IN FUTURE NATURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme José da Silva e Sá
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract This article presents data collected in ethnographic research begun in 2014 at the Faia Brava Reserve in Portugal. The Faia Brava Reserve has been dedicated to ecological restoration by the association that manages it. This has made the reserve the starting point of an ambitious project for re-naturalizing the western region of the Iberian Peninsula, which foresees the reintroduction of large animal species in Portugal through its integration to the Rewilding Europe network. The article describes some of the steps necessary to the creation of re-naturalization areas, and some of the hypotheses associated to the re-naturalization project in Europe and particularly in Portugal.

Safety Pharmacology Screening: Practical Problems in Drug Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence I. Mortin ◽  
Christopher J. Horvath ◽  
Michael S. Wyand
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
General Pharmacology ◽  
Pharmacologic Effect ◽  
Immunologic Diseases ◽  
Species Specific

Undesired pharmacologic activities of novel drugs or biologies may limit development of a therapeutic prior to the characterization of any toxicologic effects. In rodent species, general pharmacology assays have traditionally been used to screen new agents for pharmacologic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, the autonomic nervous system and smooth muscles, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, the digestive system, and the physiologic mechanisms of water and electrolyte balance. In large animal species, such as dogs and nonhuman primates, smaller numbers of animals per study limit their use for screening assays, but these species may play an important role in more detailed mechanistic studies. For drugs and biologies that must be tested in nonhuman primates because of species-specific action of the test agent, functional pharmacologic data are often collected during acute or subacute toxicity studies. This requires careful experimental design to minimize any impact pharmacologic effects or instrumentation may have on the assessment of toxicity. In addition, with many new therapies targeted at immunologic diseases, the pharmacologic effect of therapeutics on the immune system presents new challenges for pharmacologic profiling. The application of pharmacology assays by organ system in both rodent and large animal species are discussed, as well as practical issues in assessing pharmacology endpoints in the context of toxicity studies.

Animal Wildlife Conservation under Multiple Land-use Systems in Nigeria

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Jonathan Osemeobo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Trained Manpower

To conserve a resource without having adequate data and finance is difficult and frustrating. The situation of wildlife in Nigeria is nevertheless different. Except in the Yankari, Upper Ogun, and Kwiabaha, Game Reserves, and the Kainji Lake National Park, little efforts have been made to protect the Nigerian animal wildlife resources from human pressure and widespread extinction. To many, what remains of the wild animals are best seen in the few state-owned zoological gardens in Nigeria. However, because most indigenous large animal species—including Elephant, Buffalo, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Rhinoceros, Leopard, and Ostrich—have not been able to reproduce in the various zoological gardens so far, the hope to conserve these animals is brittle. The questions are, what factors are working against wildlife conservation? Indeed, what hopes exist for Nigerian animal wildlife?Animal wildlife is a declining resource in Nigeria because of unplanned land-use practices. For example, landuses in game reserves are often conflicting and contradictory. Four land-uses: timber extraction, hunting, food-crop production, and settlement, are simultaneously going on in game reserves, with little or no control measures and with no management plans. The excessive demands for land for these conflicting uses have greatly disturbed the ecosystems involved, thus making the survival of the wild animals uncertain. Specifically, the problems of wildlife conservation in Nigeria are: (a) poaching; (b) indiscriminate burning of the vegetation; (c) uncontrolled grazing activities in the reserves; (d) intensive logging for domestic and industrial uses; (e) user rights on the reserves enjoyed by the traditional owners of the land before reservation; (f) lack of adequate funds to manage the reserves; (g) ineffective legislation; (h) lack of trained manpower; (i) urban sprawl; and (j) infrastructural development of roads, electric and telegraph lines, and irrigation schemes, all within the game reserves.The future for Nigerian animal wildlife depends on the nation's ability to conserve what is left either in their natural habitat or, at least, in zoological gardens. The task is not simple under conditions of economic depression, with inadequate manpower and without effective management of game reserves. In these circumstances, the game reserves should be reduced to manageable numbers, while state governments should win public sympathy through adequate conservation publicity and the provision of sufficient vehicles and personnel to manage the game reserves.The policy of land-use in game reserves should be reviewed, while researches should be conducted on (a) the levels of land-use that could be consistent with maintaining wild animals in the reserves, (b) the number and species of animals hunted per year, (c) the population of animal species in the game reserves and their habitat suitability, (d) the endangered and extinct animal species and specific reasons for the decline in their populations, and (e) human problems peculiar to each reserve and ways of minimizing them.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN RECTAL AND BODY SURFACE TEMPERATURES OBTAINED BY DIGITAL AND NON-CONTACT INFRARED THERMOMETER IN SOME LARGE ANIMAL SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Mera Usman Muhammed ◽  
Mayaki Abubakar Musa ◽  
Gambo Abdulrahman Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Body Temperature Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment

This study was carried out to compare the digital rectal (DR) thermometer with non-contact infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements at two locations on the face in some large animal species. Two hundred and forty (240) animals comprising of equal numbers of three species (cattle, camel and horses) of varying age and either sex was used. The IR temperature was taken from two sites [frontal (FIRT) and temporal (TIRT) region] on the animal face. The mean IR temperatures (FIRT and TIRT) were higher than the RT in all the animal species. The two thermometers correlate poorly in all the animal species. Bland-Altman analysis showed high biases and limits of agreement not acceptable for clinical purposes. In conclusion, IRT seems to offer a quick and easy way to determine the animal temperature but clinically it cannot be used interchangeably with DR thermometer at the moment for body temperature measurement in these animal species.

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