scholarly journals The Gravity Model and Trade Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Eastern European Countries' Potential Trade

World Economy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Ravishankar ◽  
Marie M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Eastern European Countries

scholarly journals Labour efficiency in construction industry in Europe based on frontier methods: data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanicjusz NAZARKO ◽  
Ewa CHODAKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Frontier Analysis

The primary problems pertaining to productivity or – more precisely – efficiency are: how to define it and how to measure it. This article studies technical efficiency in Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) – the input-oriented frontier model – in the construction industry and compares it with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) results. The models ex­plored in this paper were constructed on the basis of two outputs and personnel cost as an input. The research sample consisted of European countries. The aim was to determine whether there are substantial differences in estimation of ef­ficiency derived from those two alternative frontier approaches. The comparison of results according to the models may translate into higher reliability of the undertaken labour efficiency analysis in construction and its conclusions. Although the results are not characterized by high compatibility, the conducted analysis indicated the most attractive countries taking into account labour cost to profit and turnover ratios of enterprises. One of the determinants which should not be ignored when analysing the labour efficiency is the level of development of a country; however, it is not the sole factor affecting the efficiency of the sector.

ASEAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION FOR INDONESIAN TRADING PERFORMANCE: A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuventus Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Model Approach

Salah satu tujuan dari pelaksanaan AFTA adalah untuk mengurangi hambatan perdagangan dengan mengurangi tarif impor antar anggota ASEAN dengan asumsi bahwa jika tarif lebih rendah atau nol, seharusnya terdapat peningkatan nilai perdagangan antara anggota ASEAN. Penelitian ini menguji apakah pelaksanaan AFTA memiliki dampak pada kinerja ekspor Indonesia dan kontribusi kendala di belakang perbatasan (behind the border constraints) terhadap kinerja ekspor Indonesia seperti administrasi bea dan cukai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan model gravitasi dengan analisis stochastic frontier yang berbeda dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya tentang kinerja perdagangan Indonesia yang menggunakan estimasi OLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara empiris, GDP , jarak, populasi, nilai tukar, tarif, dan keanggotaan di ASEAN signifikan mempengaruhi perdagangan Indonesia dengan negara partner. Lebih lanjut, hasil estimasi stochastic frontier menunjukkan bahwa kendala di belakang perbatasan menurun setiap tahunnya. Namun, ekspor Indonesia masih under trade dengan semua negara ASEAN yang mengindikasikan rendahnya pemanfaatan AFTA. Di sisi lain, ekspor Indonesia over trade dengan Cina dan hampir berada di tingkat yang optimal dengan Amerika Serikat, Jepang, dan Belanda. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemerintah Indonesia harus mempromosikan lebih banyak ekspor dengan negara-negara ASEAN untuk mencapai tujuan dari deklarasi AFTA dua dekade lalu. One objective of the AFTA implementation is to reduce trading constraints by reducing import tariffs among ASEAN’s members with the assumption that if tariffs are lower or zero, there should be an increase in intra-trading value among ASEAN members. This study examines whether the implementation of the AFTA has had any impact on Indonesia’s export performance and ‘behind the border’ constraints contribution in Indonesia’s exports such as customs administrations. The study uses the gravity model approach with a stochastic frontier analysis which is different from previous research about Indonesia’s trading performance that uses OLS estimation. The results show that, empirically, GDP, distance, population, exchange rate, and membership in ASEAN significantly affect Indonesia’s trading with partner country. Furthermore, stochastic frontier analysis’ results show that ‘behind the border’ constraints decrease overtime. However, Indonesia’s exports is under trade with all ASEAN countries which indicates the low utilisation of AFTA. On the other hand, Indonesia’s exports are over trade with China and almost at optimal level of exports with the US, Japan, and the Netherlands. The implication of this study is that the Indonesian government should promote more exports with ASEAN countries to accomplish the objectives of the AFTA declaration two decades ago.

scholarly journals Determinants, efficiency and potential of agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU: Evidence from the stochastic frontier gravity model

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Author(s):  
Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi ◽  
Olufemi Adewale Aluko ◽  
Xuexi Huo
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Extended Gravity ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
Eu New Member States ◽  
The Eu

This study uses an extended gravity model to examine the determinants, efficiency and potential of agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU for the 1995–2019 period. It uses a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the extended gravity model. The results show that the economic size (GDP) of Nigeria and the EU countries, as well as bilateral distance, positively determine agri-food exports from Nigeria to the EU. Also, the results show that Nigeria's agri-food exports to the EU are negatively determined by the income (per capita GDP) of Nigeria and its EU trading countries, bilateral exchange rate and EU new member states (NMS). The results further show that Nigeria scores relatively low in terms of the efficiency of its agri-food exports to the EU countries. On a final note, the study shows that Nigeria's agri-food exports with the EU have a relatively large potential that has not been exploited. We document policy recommendations in this study.

scholarly journals Determinants and Potential of Agri-Food Trade Using the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110657
Author(s):  
Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi ◽  
Xuexi Huo ◽  
Qiangqiang Zhang ◽  
Aminah Bolanle Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa

Considering the importance of agri-food exports for Nigeria in the face of dwindling revenue from its oil exports. Therefore, this study provides empirical insights on the determinants and potential of agri-food exports from Nigeria to 70 major trading countries between 1995 and 2019 by applying a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) on a gravity model. We also estimate a variety of techniques, including the fixed effects, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML), and Heckman models to confirm the robustness of our results. We show that the economic size (GDP) of Nigeria and its trading countries, importers’ population, EU membership, ECOWAS membership and contiguity stimulate agri-food export. Also, we show that bilateral distance, domestic population, exchange rate, language, and landlocked adversely affect agri-food exports. The potential for agri-food trade expansion exists with mostly world biggest economies (including China, the USA, Brazil, India, Russia, Japan, and EU countries) and Nigeria’s border countries. Policy directions for agri-food export expansion are provided.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Marton ◽  
Attila Pandúr ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Krisztina Deutsch ◽  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
European Students ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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