“I Am QueerBecauseI Am Armenian”: On the Queerness of Racially Ambiguous Diasporic Belonging

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Nelli Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Racially Ambiguous

Seeing Similarity or Distance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Wilton ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Lisa Giamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
Intergroup Perceptions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Biracial individuals threaten the distinctiveness of racial groups because they have mixed-race ancestry, but recent findings suggest that exposure to biracial-labeled, racially ambiguous faces may positively influence intergroup perception by reducing essentialist thinking among Whites ( Young, Sanchez, & Wilton, 2013 ). However, biracial exposure may not lead to positive intergroup perceptions for Whites who are highly racially identified and thus motivated to preserve the social distance between racial groups. We exposed Whites to racially ambiguous Asian/White biracial faces and measured the perceived similarity between Asians and Whites. We found that exposure to racially ambiguous, biracial-labeled targets may improve perceptions of intergroup similarity, but only for Whites who are less racially identified. Results are discussed in terms of motivated intergroup perception.

Redeeming Santo Domingo: North Atlantic Missionaries and the Racial Conversion of a Nation

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-100
Author(s):  
Christina Cecelia Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
Protestant Missions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Race And Religion ◽  
Key Interventions

AbstractThis article examines North Atlantic views of Protestant missions and race in the Dominican Republic between 1905 and 1911, a brief period of political stability in the years leading up to the U.S. Occupation (1916–1924). Although Protestant missions during this period remained small in scale on the Catholic island, the views of British and American missionaries evidence how international perceptions of Dominicans transformed in the early twentieth century. Thus, this article makes two key interventions within the literature on Caribbean race and religion. First, it shows how outsiders’ ideas about the Dominican Republic's racial composition aimed to change the Dominican Republic from a “black” country into a racially ambiguous “Latin” one on the international stage. Second, in using North Atlantic missionaries’ perspectives to track this shift, it argues that black-led Protestant congregations represented a possible alternative future that both elite Dominicans and white North Atlantic missionaries rejected.

When Pushkin's Blackness Was in Vogue: Rediscovering the Racialization of Russia's Preeminent Poet and His Descendants

Slavic Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Korey Garibaldi ◽  
Emily Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Henry James ◽  
African American Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Heritage ◽  
Queen Of Spades ◽  
Racially Ambiguous

This essay investigates interconnections between the novelist, Henry James, Ivan Turgenev, and Aleksandr Pushkin and identifies the racial subtext of these associations. Several scholars have connected Pushkin and James. But none of this scholarship has speculated on whether it was the poet's African heritage that was at the root of hidden connections between these authors. Moreover, though most scholarship on Pushkin's reception in the United States focuses on twentieth-century African American literature, his African heritage was publicized much earlier. In fact, nineteenth-century commentators on both sides of the Atlantic frequently discussed Pushkin's racial heritage as a canonical European writer of African descent. This essay recovers how Henry James used Pushkin's daughter, the morganatic Countess Merenberg, as a model for the racially ambiguous “morganatic” Baroness Münster in The Europeans (1878). A decade later, James seems to have invoked the Countess Merenberg once more in his rewriting of Pushkin's “The Queen of Spades” (1833) in The Aspern Papers (1888). While James publicly attributed Byron and Shelley as inspirations, the discourse surrounding the African heritage of Pushkin and his heirs helps explain why the novelist minimized and erased the racial lineage at the center of The Europeans and The Aspern Papers.

“Your Views Cross the Atlantic”

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
Robert Murray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Free People Of Color ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Free People

Chapter 5 examines the overwhelming rejection of colonization by free people of color in the United States, the evolution of the colonization societies, and the agency of the settlers in enacting these changes. For the majority of African Americans rejected colonization’s principal arguments. Those few who saw potential in Liberia emphasized the performative possibilities of the colony, the ability to act in ways previously denied to them on account of race. Significantly, the small number of African Americans who willingly chose to emigrate to Liberia were often racially ambiguous. They saw opportunity in the undefined and evolving racial identities offered by moving to Liberia. The chapter also examines the settlers’ roles in changing the colonization societies. For many settlers, there was no difference between abolition and colonization. Settlers worked with colonizationists committed to black uplift and attempted to drive out those who did not favor such reforms; they changed how the societies’ governed their colonies.

P004 A PERSPECTIVE ON PORTRAYAL: MEN AND MINORITIES ARE UNDER-REPRESENTED ON BIOLOGIC WEBSITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S46-S47
Author(s):  
Vinay Rao ◽  
Scott Baumgartner ◽  
Ali Khan ◽  
Marie Borum
Keyword(s):  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
White Male ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Minority Representation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract Introduction Biologics are important options for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. It has been reported that people of color (POC) with IBD are less frequently prescribed biologics compared to whites. Drug manufacturers’ websites are often designed to improve patient awareness and understanding of medical conditions and treatment. There is a paucity of information evaluating racial minorities depicted on pharmaceutical websites focused on biologic therapy. This study evaluated minority representation on websites of common biologic therapies used for IBD. Methods Websites for 4 major biologics were evaluated (Humira, Remicade, Stelara, Entyvio) for minority representation. Stock photos and videos were analyzed. Individuals were categorized based upon perceived ethnicity (person of color [POC], racially ambiguous [RA], white), gender, and role (patient, provider). Individuals were categorized independently by 3 investigators. Repeat images, incomplete facial images, inactive background role in videos, or images in which there was disagreement among all investigators were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using two-sample t-test with significance set at p<0.05. Results In the 4 websites, there were 102 total subjects (49 photos, 53 videos). There were 89 white, 11 POC, and 2 RA subjects with 33 males (32 white, 1 POC, 0 RA) and 69 females (57 white, 10 POC, 2 RA). There were significantly less POC compared to whites in photos (14.2% vs 81.6%; p=0.0003) and videos (7.0% vs 93.0%; p=0.001). Males were less frequently represented than females in photos (33.3% vs 66.7%; p=0.0096) and videos (32.3% vs 67.7%; p=0.0238). There were no males of color in photos. Humira portrayed 10 POC, Entyvio portrayed 1 POC and none were identified on Remicade and Stelara websites. Humira included 1 white, male provider, and Remicade 1 female POC provider. Stelara and Entyvio included no providers in either photos or videos. There were no images or videos about which all 3 reviewing investigators disagreed. All websites included at least 1 image with which a single investigator disagreed. Only Humira and Vedolizumab included a video with single investigator disagreement. Discussion Biologic therapy has a significant role in IBD treatment and should be considered for all IBD patients who have the appropriate indications. Pharmaceutical websites can have a role in increasing patient understanding and acceptance of therapy. Patients may have increased acceptance of treatment based upon portrayed images. While this study revealed that males and POC were significantly less represented on biologic websites, it may reflect gender and minority group IBD prevalence. However, consideration should be given to increase minority representation on biologic websites to enhance male and POC acceptance of therapeutic options and potentially improve clinical outcomes.

A Meta-Analytic Review of Hypodescent Patterns in Categorizing Multiracial and Racially Ambiguous Targets

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722094132
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Young ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Kristin Pauker ◽  
Sarah E. Gaither
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Research addressing the increasing multiracial population (i.e., identifying with two or more races) is rapidly expanding. This meta-analysis ( k = 55) examines categorization patterns consistent with hypodescent, or the tendency to categorize multiracial targets as their lower status racial group. Subgroup analyses suggest that operationalization of multiracial (e.g., presenting photos of racially ambiguous faces, or ancestry information sans picture), target gender, and categorization measurement (e.g., selecting from binary choices: Black or White; or multiple categorization options: Black, White, or multiracial) moderated categorization patterns. Operationalizing multiracial as ancestry, male targets, and measuring categorization with binary or multiple Likert-type scale outcomes supported hypodescent. However, categorizing multiracial targets as not their lower status racial group occurred for female targets or multiple categorization options. Evidence was mixed on whether perceiver and target race were related to categorization patterns. These results point to future directions for understanding categorization processes and multiracial perception.

“They’ll Go with the Lighter”: Tri-racial Aesthetic Labor in Clothing Retail

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla Walters
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Aesthetic Labor ◽  
Racial Dynamics ◽  
Retail Managers ◽  
White Workers ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Retail Workers

The clothing retail industry demands the performance of aesthetic labor, whereby visible employees embody a store’s desired “look.” Scholars currently understand this labor process as focused on extracting gender, sexual, and class dimensions of worker appearances to promote the company brand. Drawing on 55 interviews with U.S. clothing retail workers, the author argues that racial dynamics of this job create a tri-racial aesthetic labor process that promotes White-dominant beauty standards and exoticizes certain phenotypical forms of racial difference. Clothing retail managers often select and reward White workers, while using lighter-skinned and sometimes racially ambiguous looking Asian, Black, Hispanic, and multiracial workers to carefully diversify brand representations. Darker-skinned Black women appear to experience exclusion, devaluation, and alienation in their performance of aesthetic labor.

White Categorical Ambiguity: Exclusion of Middle Eastern Americans From the White Racial Category

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062093054
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Chaney ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Lina Saud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The United States ◽  
North African ◽  
Racial Categorization ◽  
Racial Category ◽  
History Of ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Middle Eastern Americans

Despite legal classification as White, Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Americans experience high levels of discrimination, suggesting low social status precludes them from accessing the White racial category. After first demonstrating that the rated Whiteness of MENA Americans influences support for discriminatory policies (Study 1), the present research explores ratings and perceptions of Whiteness of MENA Americans by demonstrating how MENA ethnicities shift racial categorization of prototypically White and racially ambiguous targets (Studies 2–4), and how MENA Americans’ social status influences rated Whiteness (Study 5). As few studies have explored the relative Whiteness of different ethnicities in the United States despite the fluid history of the White racial category, the present studies have implications for the processes that inform White categorization and lay categorizations of MENA Americans.

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