DcCCD4 catalyzes the degradation of α‐carotene and β‐carotene to affect carotenoid accumulation and taproot color in carrot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Yuan‐Jie Deng ◽  
Jie‐Xia Liu ◽  
Ao‐Qi Duan ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals Expression of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes and Carotenoid Biosynthesis during Seedling Development of Momordica charantia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Do Manh Cuong ◽  
Jae Kwang Kim ◽  
Jin Jeon ◽  
Tae Jin Kim ◽  
Jong Seok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Phytohormone Synthesis ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids belong to a large group of secondary metabolites, and have pivotal roles in plants, including photosynthesis and phytohormone synthesis, pigmentation, and membrane stabilization. Additionally, carotenoids are potent antioxidants, and their health benefits are becoming increasingly prominent. In recent years, carotenoids have been studied in many plants. Furthermore, gene expression, as well as carotenoid accumulation in different parts of the bitter melon, has been investigated; however, it has not been studied in bitter melon seedlings. In this study, carotenoid accumulation and transcript levels of McGGPPS1, McGGPPS2, McPSY, McPDS, McZDS, McLCYB, McLCYE1, McLCYE2, McCXHB, and McZEP, involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, were analyzed during seedling development using HPLC and qRT-PCR. The major carotenoids that accumulated in the bitter melon seedlings were lutein and E-β-carotene. The expression of most carotenoid biosynthetic genes increased during seedling development, consistent with the accumulation of violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, 13Z-β-carotene, E-β-carotene, and 9Z-β-carotene in bitter melon seedlings. The results of this study provide a firm basis for comprehending the link between gene expression and carotenoid concentration in bitter melon seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA) on Carotenoids and Petal Color in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yanhonggui’

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Yucheng Liu ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Liyuan Yang ◽  
Yiguang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Degradation

Osmanthus fragrans is a well-known native plant in China, and carotenoids are the main group of pigments in the petals. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the products of the metabolic pathway of carotenoids. Application of ABA could affect pigmentation of flower petals by changing the carotenoid content. However, little is known about the effects of ABA treatment on carotenoid accumulation in O. fragrans. In this study, different concentrations of ABA (0, 150 and 200 mg/L) were spread on the petals of O. fragrans ‘Yanhonggui’. The petal color of ‘Yanhonggui’ receiving every ABA treatment was deeper than that of the control. The content of total carotenoids in the petals significantly increased with 200 mg/L ABA treatment. In the petals, α-carotene and β-carotene were the predominant carotenoids. The expression of several genes involved in the metabolism of carotenoids increased with 200 mg/L ABA treatment, including PSY1, PDS1, Z-ISO1, ZDS1, CRTISO, NCED3 and CCD4. However, the transcription levels of the latter two carotenoid degradation-related genes were much lower than of the five former carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes; the finding would explain the significant increase in total carotenoids in ‘Yanhonggui’ petals receiving the 200 mg/L ABA treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative Carotenoid Accumulation and Retention in Near-isogenic rprp and RPRP Inbred Carrot Lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y.L. Poon ◽  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The rp allele causes a significant reduction in total carotenoid pigmentation in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots. The objective was to investigate the effect of rp on the composition, accumulation, and retention of carotenoids in two near-isolines of carrot, W266RPRP and W266rprp, during vegetative growth and postharvest storage. Field experiments were conducted during 1996 and 1997 in which roots were sampled weekly from 62 to 100 days after seed-sowing and biweekly during postharvest storage at 4 °C up to 386 days after sowing. Linear increases in total carotenoid concentration were observed for W266RPRP and W266rprp during vegetative growth. The average daily rate of increase in total carotenoid concentration in W266RPRP and in W266rprp was 12.7 and 1.3 mg·g-1 dry weight, respectively. A linear decrease in carotenoid concentration was measured for W266RPRP but not for W266rprp during postharvest storage. At 100 days after sowing, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed W266rprp had 20-fold lower concentrations of a-carotene and 50-fold lower concentrations of β-carotene in root tissue compared to W266RPRP. Levels of β-carotene and lutein in the first true leaves were reduced by ≈50% in W266rprp compared to W266RPRP. Results from this investigation suggest that the rp allele affects the concentration of root and foliage carotenoids, as well as the rate of carotenoid accumulation and degradation in carrot roots. The impact of the rp allele is far greater in root tissue than in foliage, suggesting it may act as a transcription factor or structural gene affecting primarily root carotenoid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis implied a ZEP paralog was a key gene involved in carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Suematsu ◽  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Rie Kurata ◽  
Yumi Kai
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Zeaxanthin Epoxidase ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Yellow Flesh ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractThe mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in yellow-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars are unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptome profiles of a yellow-fleshed cultivar, Beniharuka (BH) and two of its spontaneous white-fleshed mutants (WH2 and WH3) to reveal the genes involved in yellow flesh. As a result of RNA sequencing, a total of 185 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly detected in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH. Of these genes, 85 DEGs and 100 DEGs were commonly upregulated and downregulated in WH2 and WH3 compared to BH, respectively. g1103.t1, a paralog of zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), was only DEG common to WH2 and WH3 among 38 genes considered to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots. The expression level of g1103.t1 was also considerably lower in five white-fleshed cultivars than in five yellow-fleshed cultivars. Analysis of carotenoid composition in the storage roots showed that the epoxidised carotenoids were drastically reduced in both WH2 and WH3. Therefore, we propose that the ZEP paralog, g1103.t1, may be involved in carotenoid accumulation through the epoxidation of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin in sweetpotato.

scholarly journals Expression of a Chromoplast-Specific Lycopene β-Cyclase Gene (CYC-B) Is Implicated in Carotenoid Accumulation and Coloration in the Loquat

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hong ◽  
Zhuo-Heng Chi ◽  
Yong-Qing Wang ◽  
Yue-Ming Tang ◽  
Qun-Xian Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are the principal pigments in the loquat. Although the metabolic pathway of plant carotenoids has been extensively investigated, few studies have been explored the regulatory mechanisms of loquat carotenoids because knowledge of the loquat genome is incomplete. The chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase gene (CYC-B) could catalyze cyclization of lycopene to β-carotene. In this study, the differential accumulation patterns of loquat with different colors were analyzed and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was utilized in order to verify CYC-B gene function. Using a cloning strategy of homologous genes, a CYC-B gene orthologue was successfully identified from the loquat. At a later stage of maturation, CYC-B gene expression and carotenoids concentrations in the ‘Dawuxing’ variety were higher than in ‘Chuannong 1-5-9′, possibly leading to the difference in pulp coloration of loquat. Interference of CYC-B gene expression in the loquat demonstrated clear visual changes. The green color in negative control fruits became yellow, while TRV2-CYC-B silenced fruits remained green. CYC-B gene expression and total carotenoid content in the pulp decreased by 32.5% and 44.1%, respectively. Furthermore, multiple key genes in the carotenoid metabolic pathway synergistically responded to downregulation of CYC-B gene expression. In summary, we provide direct evidences that CYC-B gene is involved in carotenoid accumulation and coloration in the loquat.

scholarly journals Postharvest UV-B and Photoperiod with Blue + Red LEDs as Strategies to Stimulate Carotenogenesis in Bell Peppers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3736
Author(s):  
Lorena Martínez-Zamora ◽  
Noelia Castillejo ◽  
Francisco Artés-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Bioactive Content ◽  
Red Leds ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Our objective was to evaluate carotenoid accumulation in bell peppers during shelf life under different light conditions. Methods: Fruit stored for 6 d at 7 °C received a 9 kJ m−2 UV-B treatment, while non-UV-treated were used as control (CTRL). Subsequently, all peppers were disposed for a retail sale period of 4 d at 20 °C with a photoperiod of 14 h under fluorescent light (FL) + 10 h under darkness (D), FL, or blue + red LEDs (BR LED). Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased by the UV-B treatment and the photoperiods supplemented with FL and BR LED, which was directly related to the carotenoid content. In fact, CTRL peppers (225 mg β-carotene kg−1) under FL+BR LED showed an increase of ~33% of 13-cis-β-carotene, ~24% of all-trans-β-carotene, and ~27.5% of 9-cis-β-carotene compared to FL + D and FL + FL. Capsaicinoids showed an increase by ~22%, ~38%, and ~27% in the content of capsanthin, capsanthin laurate, and capsanthin esters, respectively, after the UV-B treatment, which was even enhanced after the LED-supplemented photoperiod by ~18% compared to FL+D. Conclusions: Illumination with BR LEDs + UV-B during the retail sale period nights is recommended to increase the bioactive content of bell peppers via carotenoid accumulation to 270 mg β-carotene kg−1.

scholarly journals Multi-strategy engineering greatly enhances provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and stability in Arabidopsis seeds

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhu Sun ◽  
Qinlong Zhu ◽  
Ziqing Wei ◽  
Lauren A. Owens ◽  
Tara Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractStaple grains with low levels of provitamin A carotenoids contribute to the global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and therefore are the main targets for provitamin A biofortification. However, carotenoid stability during both seed maturation and postharvest storage is a serious concern for the full benefits of carotenoid biofortified grains. In this study, we utilized Arabidopsis as a model to establish carotenoid biofortification strategies in seeds. We discovered that manipulation of carotenoid biosynthetic activity by seed-specific expression of Phytoene synthase (PSY) increases both provitamin A and total carotenoid levels but the increased carotenoids are prone to degradation during seed maturation and storage, consistent with previous studies of provitamin A biofortified grains. In contrast, stacking with Orange (ORHis), a gene that initiates chromoplast biogenesis, dramatically enhances provitamin A and total carotenoid content and stability. Up to 65- and 10-fold increases of β-carotene and total carotenoids, respectively, with provitamin A carotenoids composing over 63% were observed in the seeds containing ORHis and PSY. Co-expression of Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) with ORHis and PSY further increases carotenoid accumulation and stability during seed maturation and storage. Moreover, knocking-out of β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2) by CRISPR/Cas9 not only potentially facilitates β-carotene accumulation but also minimizes the negative effect of carotenoid over production on seed germination. Our findings provide new insights into various processes on carotenoid accumulation and stability in seeds and establish a multiplexed strategy to simultaneously target carotenoid biosynthesis, turnover, and stable storage for carotenoid biofortification in crop seeds.

scholarly journals Variation in Lutein, β-carotene, and Chlorophyll Concentrations among Brassica oleracea Cultigens and Seasons

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
David E. Kopsell ◽  
Mark G. Lefsrud ◽  
Joanne Curran-Celentano ◽  
Laura E. Dukach
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Β Carotene

Green leafy vegetables are important sources of dietary carotenoids, and members of Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala rank highest for reported levels of lutein and β-carotene. Twenty-three leafy B. oleracea cultigens were field grown under similar fertility over two separate years and evaluated for leaf lutein and β-carotene accumulation. Choice of B. oleracea cultigen and year significantly affected carotenoid levels. Lutein concentrations ranged from a high of 13.43 mg per 100 g fresh weight (FW) for B. oleracea var. acephala `Toscano' to a low of 4.84 mg/100 g FW for B. oleracea var. acephala 343-93G1. β-carotene accumulations ranged from a high of 10.00 mg/100 g FW for B. oleracea var. acephala `Toscano' to a low of 3.82 mg/100 g FW for B. oleracea var. acephala 30343-93G1. Carotenoid concentrations were significantly higher in year 2 than in year 1, but rank order among the cultigens for both lutein and ß-carotene did not change between the years. During each year, there were high correlations between leaf carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments. Under similar growing conditions, choice of B. oleracea cultigen will influence carotenoid accumulation, and this may affect the health benefits of consuming these leafy green vegetable crops.

scholarly journals Chloroplast Sec14-like 1 (CPSFL1) is essential for normal chloroplast development and affects carotenoid accumulation inChlamydomonas

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (22) ◽  
pp. 12452-12463 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. García-Cerdán ◽  
Eva M. Schmid ◽  
Tomomi Takeuchi ◽  
Ian McRae ◽  
Kent L. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Oxygenic Photosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Hydrophobic Ligand ◽  
Β Carotene

Plastid isoprenoid-derived carotenoids serve essential roles in chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Although nearly all enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants have been identified, the complement of auxiliary proteins that regulate synthesis, transport, sequestration, and degradation of these molecules and their isoprenoid precursors have not been fully described. To identify such proteins that are necessary for the optimal functioning of oxygenic photosynthesis, we screened a large collection of nonphotosynthetic (acetate-requiring) DNA insertional mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardtiiand isolatedcpsfl1. Thecpsfl1mutant is extremely light-sensitive and susceptible to photoinhibition and photobleaching. TheCPSFL1gene encodes a CRAL-TRIO hydrophobic ligand-binding (Sec14) domain protein. Proteins containing this domain are limited to eukaryotes, but some may have been retargeted to function in organelles of endosymbiotic origin. Thecpsfl1mutant showed decreased accumulation of plastidial isoprenoid-derived pigments, especially carotenoids, and whole-cell focused ion-beam scanning-electron microscopy revealed a deficiency of carotenoid-rich chloroplast structures (e.g., eyespot and plastoglobules). The low carotenoid content resulted from impaired biosynthesis at a step prior to phytoene, the committed precursor to carotenoids. The CPSFL1 protein bound phytoene and β-carotene when expressed inEscherichia coliand phosphatidic acid in vitro. We suggest that CPSFL1 is involved in the regulation of phytoene synthesis and carotenoid transport and thereby modulates carotenoid accumulation in the chloroplast.

scholarly journals An apple (Malus domestica) AP2/ERF transcription factor modulates carotenoid accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Dang ◽  
Haiyun Sha ◽  
Jiyun Nie ◽  
Yongzhang Wang ◽  
Yongbing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Erf Transcription Factor

AbstractColor is an important trait for horticultural crops. Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health. Here, we identified an APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). MdAP2-34 expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in ‘Benin Shogun’ and ‘Yanfu 3’ fruit flesh. MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The major carotenoid contents of phytoene and β-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin, yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference, indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene and β-carotene accumulation but not lutein. MdPSY2-1 (phytoene synthase 2) is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit, and the MdPSY2-1 gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34. In addition, overexpressing MdPSY2-1 in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents. Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple, and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.

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