HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Selva ◽  
N. Shirley ◽  
K. Houston ◽  
R. Whitford ◽  
U. Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Floral Organ Specification

Identification and fine mapping of lemma-distortion1, a single recessive gene playing an essential role in the development of lemma in rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. YANG ◽  
X. F. YE ◽  
X. H. ZHENG ◽  
C. P. CHENG ◽  
N. YE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Genome Annotations ◽  
Floral Organ Specification

SUMMARYFloral organ development influences plant reproduction and crop yield. The mechanism of floral organ specification is generally conserved in angiosperms as demonstrated by the ‘ABC’ model. However, mechanisms underlying the development of floral organs in specific groups of species such as grasses remain unclear. In the genus Oryza (rice), a spikelet consists of a fertile floret sub-tended by a lemma, a palea, two sterile lemmas and rudimentary glumes. To understand how the lemma is formed, a curve-shaped lemma-distortion1 (ld1) mutant was identified. Genetic analysis confirmed that the ld1 mutant phenotype was due to a single recessive gene mutation. Using a large F2 population, the LD1 gene was mapped between markers Indel-7-15 and Indel-7-18, which encompassed a region of 15·6 kilo base pairs (kbp). According to rice genome annotations, two putative genes, LOC_Os07g32510 and LOC_Os07g32520, were located in this candidate region. However, DNA sequencing results indicated only 1 base pair (bp) substitution (T⇨C) was found in LOC_Os07g32510 between the wild-type and the ld1 mutant. Thus LOC_Os07g32510, encoding a DNA binding with one zinc finger (DoF) containing protein, was the candidate gene for LD1. Further analysis showed that mutation of the amino acid cysteine (C) to arginine (R) was likely to lead to zinc finger protein deactivation. Phylogenetic and conservation analysis of the gene from different species revealed that cysteine was critical to LD1 function. As a new gene controlling lemma development, the study of LD1 could provide insights into rice floral organ formation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bowman ◽  
J. Alvarez ◽  
D. Weigel ◽  
E. M. Meyerowitz ◽  
D. R. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Flower Meristem ◽  
Petal Development ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Floral Organ Specification

Mutations in the APETALA1 gene disturb two phases of flower development, flower meristem specification and floral organ specification. These effects become manifest as a partial conversion of flowers into inflorescence shoots and a disruption of sepal and petal development. We describe the changes in an allelic series of nine apetala1 mutants and show that the two functions of APETALA1 are separable. We have also studied the interaction between APETALA1 and other floral genes by examining the phenotypes of multiply mutant plants and by in situ hybridization using probes for several floral control genes. The results suggest that the products of APETALA1 and another gene, LEAFY, are required to ensure that primordia arising on the flanks of the inflorescence apex adopt a floral fate, as opposed to becoming an inflorescence shoot. APETALA1 and LEAFY have distinct as well as overlapping functions and they appear to reinforce each other's action. CAULIFLOWER is a newly discovered gene which positively regulates both APETALA1 and LEAFY expression. All functions of CAULIFLOWER are redundant with those of APETALA1. APETALA2 also has an early function in reinforcing the action of APETALA1 and LEAFY, especially if the activity of either is compromised by mutation. After the identity of a flower primordium is specified, APETALA1 interacts with APETALA2 in controlling the development of the outer two whorls of floral organs.

scholarly journals A nucleostemin-like GTPase required for normal apical and floral meristem development in Arabidopsis

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1446-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Daniel K. Gingrich ◽  
Yunfei Deng ◽  
Zonglie Hong
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
New Class ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Promote Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Floral Organ Specification

Mammalian nucleostemin (NS) is preferentially expressed in stem cells and acts to promote cell cycle progression. In plants, stem cell activities have to be terminated during flower development, and this process requires the activation of AGAMOUS (AG) gene expression. Here, a nucleostemin-like 1 gene, NSN1, is shown to be required for flower development in Arabidopsis. The NSN1 mRNA was found in the inflorescence meristem and floral primordia, and its protein was localized to the nucleoli. Both heterozygous and homozygous plants developed defective flowers on inflorescences that were eventually terminated by the formation of carpelloid flowers. Overexpression of NSN1 resulted in loss of apical dominance and formation of defective flowers. Expression of the AG gene was found to be up-regulated in nsn1. The carpelloid flower defect of nsn1 was suppressed by the ag mutation in the nsn1 ag double mutant, whereas double mutants of nsn1 apetala2 (ap2) displayed enhanced defective floral phenotypes. These results suggest that in the delicately balanced regulatory network, NSN1 acts to repress AG and plays an additive role with AP2 in floral organ specification. As a midsize nucleolar GTPase, NSN1 represents a new class of regulatory proteins required for flower development in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Silky1 Gene Reveal Conservation in Floral Organ Specification between Eudicots and Monocots

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Ambrose ◽  
David R. Lerner ◽  
Pietro Ciceri ◽  
Christopher M. Padilla ◽  
Martin F. Yanofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Floral Organ Specification

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document