scholarly journals Over‐expression of a wheat alpha‐amylase type 2 impact on starch metabolism and ABA sensitivity during grain germination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Jenifer Pritchard ◽  
Jos Mieog ◽  
Keren Byrne ◽  
Michelle L. Colgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Aba Sensitivity

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Gymnema Sylvestre Methanol Leaf Extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. ◽  
Babandi A. ◽  
Tijjani A.A. ◽  
Murtala Y. ◽  
Yakasai H.M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content

Some medicinal plants and their purified derivatives have demonstrated beneficial therapeutic potentials for many centuries. They have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity, reducing the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study evaluated antioxidative activity and enzymatic (alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase) inhibitory potentials of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic leaf extract (GSMLE) using standard methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The total phenolics and total flavonoids content in the extract were found to be 6.629±0.745 (µg/ml of catechol equivalent) and 0.004±0.0012 (µg/ml of quercetin equivalent) respectively. GSMLE was shown to have radical scavenging activity against DPPH (290.54 ± 39.72 %), hydroxyl radical (86.507 ± 23.55 %) and hydrogen peroxide (45.25 ± 25.23 %). The level of SOD was significantly decreased in H2O2 induced and H2O2+extract induced when compared with normal control (p<0.05); the level of GSH was significantly increased in H2O2 induced control and significantly decreased in H2O2+extract induced test when compared to normal control. GSH was also decreased significantly in H2O2+extract induced when compared to H2O2 induced control (p<0.05). The extract also demonstrated significant inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (IC50 182.26 ±1.05μg/ml) when compared with standard acarbose (IC50 189.52±0.46) and was more potent than the arcarbose on alpha-amylase inhibition with IC50 of 195.3±4.40 and 200.05±7.16 respectively. These findings may therefore, stress the potentiality of using Gymnema sylvestre as a natural remedy for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Relevance of Molecular Markers in Taiwan Chinese Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis: Endogenous Erythroid Colony Growth Is the Most Important Predictor of Outcomes

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4083-4083
Author(s):  
Ming-Chung Kuo ◽  
Tzung-Chih Tang ◽  
Tung-Liang Lin ◽  
Po-Nan Wang ◽  
Po Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Jak2 V617f ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Allele Burden ◽  
Calr Mutations

Abstract Background and purpose: The clinical features and molecular markers of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) in Asian population have rarely been reported. We examined the clinical relevance of molecular markers in a large cohort of PMF patients in Taiwan. Methods: Bone marrow or blood samples at initial diagnosis from 145 patients consecutively diagnosed with PMF based on WHO criteria in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taiwan, were examined. EEC assay was performed in a serum free culture system. PRV-1 mRNA expression in granulocytes was measured by real-time RQ-PCR TaqMan assay. Pyrosequencing was used to detect JAK2 V617Fand its allele burden as well as 46/1 rs12343867 genotype in granulocytes. Mutational analysis of MPL (exon 10) was performed by PCR assay followed by direct sequencing. CALR (exon 9) mutations were screened by GeneScan analysis followed by sequencing for those with length changes. Ten of 20 patients progressed to secondary AML (sAML) had matched paired diagnosis and sAML samples available for comparative analysis. Results: Of the 145 patients with PMF, the median age was 64 years, 76 were male, IPSS low risk 25, Int I 23, Int II 41, and high risk 56 patients. In a median follow-up of 35.8 months (range 1.1 to 275.5 months), 20 patients progressed to sAML, 88 patients died with a median overall survival (OS) of 67.4 months. JAK2 V617F was detected in 52% (74/143) patients, CALR mutations in 30% (41/135) (type1 n=29; type 2 n=5; and others n=7), MPL mutations in 4% (5/141) (n=2/2/1 for W515L/K/A), and 11.0% of PMF patients were triple-negative. The incidence of 46/1 haplotype in 112 patients analyzed was TT 32 %, CT 36 %, and CC 32 %; C-allele frequency was significantly higher in PMF compared with 50 normal subjects (50% vs. 24%; P< 0.0001).EEC growth was detected in 48.9% (45/92) of patients examined. PRV-1 over-expression was present in 40% (28/70) of patients. Of the 10 matched paired PMF/sAML samples, 6 patients had CALR mutations with similar allele burden at both phases of disease whereas sAML evolved from a non-JAK2 V617F clone in one of the 3 patients carrying JAK2 V617F at diagnosis. Patients with EEC growth or PRV-1 over-expression were significantly associated with younger age, higher WBC and platelet counts. EEC-positive patients had higher Hb level and lower circulating blasts. JAK2 V617F was closely associated with higher WBC and platelet counts whereas patients with CALR mutations had lower WBC counts. None of these molecular markers had a correlation with constitutional symptom, IPSS, occurrence of thrombosis or risk of sAML transformation. EEC growth conferred a favorable leukemia-free survival (LFS) (P =0.019) and OS (P =0.013) compared with those without EEC. PRV-1 over-expression was associated with better OS (P =0.036). JAK2 V617F and MPL mutations did not influence LFS and OS. Allele burden of JAK2 V617F had no impact on outcomes. CALR mutations were associated with a favorable OS compared with mutation-negative patients (P =0.034). There were no difference in outcomes between type 1 and type 2 mutations of CALR. Patients with triple-negative mutations had a significantly inferior OS (P =0.020). CT genotype (46/1) was associated with shorter LFS (P =0.026). EEC growth was strongly associated with PRV-1 over-expression and JAK2 V617F mutation, whereas EEC formation and CALR mutations were mutually exclusive. In multivariate analysis, EEC growth was the most important predictor for LFS (HR 0.058; 95% CI: 0.005-0.676, P =0.023) and OS (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.076-0.581, P =0.003) among the molecular markers; CALR mutations also held favorable OS (HR 0.245; 95% CI 0.085-0.709, P =0.009). Conclusions: Approximately 90% of PMF patients in Taiwan had JAK2 V617F, CALR, or MPL mutations, half were associated with C-allele genotype, 78% had EEC growth and /or PRV-1 over-expression. EEC growth was the most important independent factor for predicting better outcomes and CALR mutations also conferred a favorable OS. (Grant support: NSC96-2314-B-182-003, CMRPG330303, OMRPG3C0021, and MOHW103-TD-B-111-09) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals (156) Over-expression of Glyoxalase 1 reduces hyperalgesia in the db/db model of type 2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. S15
Author(s):  
N. Gakii ◽  
R. Donahue ◽  
D. Laird ◽  
B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Glyoxalase 1

scholarly journals Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease. Role of Renalase and Alpha Amylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernández LE ◽  
◽  
Hernández GP ◽  
Aguilar CA ◽  
ánchez DCV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Esrd Patients

Aim: To evaluate serum renalase and salivary alpha amylase concentrations and their relationship with plasma catecholamine levels in patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MS), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Method: In cross-sectional study 163 patients were enrolled; 43 patients with MS, 93 withT2DM, 13 with ESRD, and 14 healthy subjects (control group). All patients had their ascription to the UMAA/UMF No. 75, in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. Glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and renalase were measurement in serum, and Dopamine (DA), Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE) in plasma. An aliquot of saliva was collected for alpha amylase determination. Results: High plasma concentrations of DA, E and NE (p<0.0001) was founded in T2DM and ESRD patients. Renalase was lower in ESRD compared to MS and T2DM patients (p<0.0001). High concentrations of alpha amylase were found in MS, T2DM, and ESRD patients in comparison with control group (p<0.0001). Catecholamines correlated positively with alpha amylase and diabetes evolution. Conclusion: Sympathetic hyperactivity in MS, T2DM and ESRD patients was founded. Renalase could be proposed as biomarker of renal function and salivary alpha amylase as sympathetic hyperactivity. Additional studies are required to evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms involved of SNS in CKD development.

scholarly journals Phenolics Profiling of Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. and Insights into Molecular Dynamics of Their Significance in Type 2 Diabetes Therapy and Its Retinopathy Complication

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4867
Author(s):  
Saheed Sabiu ◽  
Fatai O. Balogun ◽  
Stephen O. Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Adverse effects associated with synthetic drugs in diabetes therapy has prompted the search for novel natural lead compounds with little or no side effects. Effects of phenolic compounds from Carpobrotus edulis on carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes through in vitro and in silico methods were assessed. Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), the phenolic extract of the plant had significant (p < 0.05) in vitro inhibitory effect on the specific activity of alpha-amylase (0.51 mg/mL), alpha-glucosidase (0.062 mg/mL) and aldose reductase (0.75 mg/mL), compared with the reference standards (0.55, 0.72 and 7.05 mg/mL, respectively). Molecular interactions established between the 11 phenolic compounds identifiable from the HPLC chromatogram of the extract and active site residues of the enzymes revealed higher binding affinity and more structural compactness with procyanidin (−69.834 ± 6.574 kcal/mol) and 1,3-dicaffeoxyl quinic acid (−42.630 ± 4.076 kcal/mol) as potential inhibitors of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, respectively, while isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (−45.398 ± 4.568 kcal/mol) and luteolin-7-O-beta-d-glucoside (−45.102 ± 4.024 kcal/mol) for aldose reductase relative to respective reference standards. Put together, the findings are suggestive of the compounds as potential constituents of C. edulis phenolic extract responsible for the significant hypoglycemic effect in vitro; hence, they could be exploited in the development of novel therapeutic agents for type-2 diabetes and its retinopathy complication.

Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Nettle as New Candidate Inhibitors of Main Enzymes Responsible on Type-II Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Bouchentouf Salim ◽  
Ghalem Said ◽  
Nadia Kambouche ◽  
Soumaya Kress
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

Background: In medicinal chemistry, the discovery of small organic molecules that can be optimized and lead to a future drug capable of effectively modulating the biological activity of a therapeutic target remains a major challenge. Because of the harmful secondary effects of synthesized therapeutic molecules, the development of research has been oriented towards phytomedicines. Phenolic compounds from medicinal plants are constantly explored for new therapeutic use. Methods: In this paper, we studied interactions between main enzymes responsible for causing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and phenolic compounds from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) using molecular Docking with Molecular Operating Environment Software (MOE). Results: Docking results show a common molecule (secoisolariciresinol), which may form stable complexes with depeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase with binding energy of -7.04732084 kcal/mol, -3.82946181 kcal/mol and -4.16077089 kcal/mol respectively. Besides secoisolariciresinol, other phenolic compounds give better docking score than the original co-crystallized ligand for alpha-amylase (PDB ID 5U3A) and beta-glucosidase (PDB ID 1OGS). Conclusion: The obtained results are promising for the discovery of new alpha-amylase and betaglucosidase inhibitors. This study also confirms the folk use of nettle as antidiabetic agent.

scholarly journals BIOASSAY-GUIDED EVALUATION OF FICUS SEMICORDATA FOR ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender Kaur ◽  
Kumud Upadhyaya ◽  
Milind Pande
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Biological Studies

Objective: The early stage of diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia. The therapeutic approach involved in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the use of agents that can decrease postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digesting enzymes. In an effort of identifying herbal drugs which may become useful in the prevention or mitigation of diabetes, the antidiabetic activity of Ficus semicordata (FS) and its constituents were studied. The present study was undertaken in part to identify the potent antihyperglycemic fraction from the ethanol extract of the plant, using bioassay guided evaluation.Methods: The ethanol extract of Ficus semicordata were fractionated to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and ethanol extracts which were tested for alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, properties. Further fractionation of the more active ethanol fraction yielded isolates FS-1 and FS-2 which were tested for in vivo antidiabetic activity using Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Results: Ethanol extract from leaves of the plant showed notable alpha-amylase (IC50 = 3.352µg/ml and alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity (IC50= 3.448µg/ml) as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 3.175µg/ml. Subfraction FS-1 and FS-2 which were tested for in vivo antidiabetic activity using acute STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, *** p<0.001) reduced blood glucose level.Conclusion: The Ficus semicordata plant extracts and the fractionated components could be used as a natural antidiabetic after comprehensive in vitro and in vivo biological studies.

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