scholarly journals Ride to cell wall: Arabidopsis XTH11, XTH29 and XTH33 exhibit different secretion pathways and responses to heat and drought stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica De Caroli ◽  
Elisa Manno ◽  
Gabriella Piro ◽  
Marcello S. Lenucci
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Secretion Pathways

scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Traits Associated with Drought Survival and Post-drought Recovery in Perennial Turfgrass Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chai ◽  
Fang Jin ◽  
Emily Merewitz ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Drought Recovery ◽  
Drought Survival

The objective of this study was to determine physiological traits for drought survival and post-drought recovery upon re-watering in two C3 perennial grass species, kentucky bluegrass [KBG (Poa pratensis)] and perennial ryegrass [PRG (Lolium perenne)]. Plants were maintained well watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation and were then re-watered in a growth chamber. KBG had significantly higher grass quality and leaf photochemical efficiency, and lower electrolyte leakage than PRG during 20 days of drought. After 7 days of re-watering, drought-damaged leaves were rehydrated to the control level in KBG, but could not fully recover in PRG. KBG produced a greater number of new roots, while PRG had more rapid elongation of new roots after 16 days of re-watering. Superior drought tolerance in KBG was associated with osmotic adjustment, higher cell wall elasticity, and lower relative water content at zero turgor. Osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity, and cell membrane stability could play important roles in leaf desiccation tolerance and drought survival in perennial grass species. In addition, post-drought recovery of leaf hydration level and physiological activity could be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves and rhizomes during drought stress and new root production after re-watering.

scholarly journals Isolation and Functional Analysis of Drought-Induced Genes in Pinus

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Newton ◽  
Joseph Riov ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Genomic Clones ◽  
Induced Genes

Drought is a common factor limiting timber production in the U.S. and Israel. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and alleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedling survival is reduced when out planted, and growth and reproduction are often hindered by periodic droughts during later stages of tree development. Molecular and gene responses to drought stress have not been characterized. The objectives were to characterize drought-induced gene clones from these pines, to determine the effects of a growth regulator on drought tolerance, ABA levels, and drought-induced gene expression in alleppo pine, and to develop procedures for loblolly pine transformation. Nearly 20 cDNA clones influenced by gradual, prolonged drought stress have been isolated. Many of these have been shown to be induced by drought stress, whereas several others are down-regulated. These are the first drought-induced genes isolated from a pine species. Two genomic clones (lp5-1 and lp3-1) have been sequenced and characterized, and each has been found to be associated with a gene family. Clone lp5 appears to code for a cell wall protein, and clone lp3 codes for a nuclear protein. The former may be associated with changing the elastic properties of the cell wall, while the latter may be involved in signal transduction and/or protection from desiccation in the nucleus. Clone lp3 is similar to a drought-induced gene from tomato and is regulated by ABA. Several DNA sequences that are specific to induction during growth-retardation in alleppo pine by uniconazole have been identified. The active DNA species is now being identified. Promoters from genomic clones, lp3 and lp5, have been sequenced. Both are functional when fused with the gus reporter gene and transferred to other plant tissues as well as responding to a simulated drought stress. Through exodeletion analysis, it has been established that the promoter ABRE element of lp3 responds to ABA and that drought-induction of lp3 expression may also involve ABA. Stable tobacco transformants carrying either the lp5 or the lp3 promoter fused to a reporter gus gene have been obtained. The lp5lgus fusion was expressed at several stages of tobacco development and differentiation including the reproductive stage. There was no difference in phenotype between the transformants and the wild type. Embryogenesis procedures were developed for slash pine, but attempts to couple this process with gene transfer and plantlet transformation were not successful. Transformation of pine using Agrobacterium appears tractable, but molecular data supporting stable integration of the Agrobacterium-transferred gene are still inconclusive.

scholarly journals Trafficking Processes and Secretion Pathways Underlying the Formation of Plant Cuticles

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Philippe ◽  
Damien De Bellis ◽  
Jocelyn K. C. Rose ◽  
Christiane Nawrath
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Acyl Lipid ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Plant Cuticles ◽  
Secretion Pathways ◽  
Macromolecular Architecture

Cuticles are specialized cell wall structures that form at the surface of terrestrial plant organs. They are largely comprised lipidic compounds and are deposited in the apoplast, external to the polysaccharide-rich primary wall, creating a barrier to diffusion of water and solutes, as well as to environmental factors. The predominant cuticle component is cutin, a polyester that is assembled as a complex matrix, within and on the surface of which aliphatic and aromatic wax molecules accumulate, further modifying its properties. To reach the point of cuticle assembly the different acyl lipid-containing components are first exported from the cell across the plasma membrane and then traffic across the polysaccharide wall. The export of cutin precursors and waxes from the cell is known to involve plasma membrane-localized ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters; however, other secretion mechanisms may also contribute. Indeed, extracellular vesiculo-tubular structures have recently been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) to be associated with the deposition of suberin, a polyester that is structurally closely related to cutin. Intriguingly, similar membranous structures have been observed in leaves and petals of Arabidopsis, although in lower numbers, but no close association with cutin formation has been identified. The possibility of multiple export mechanisms for cuticular components acting in parallel will be discussed, together with proposals for how cuticle precursors may traverse the polysaccharide cell wall before their assimilation into the cuticle macromolecular architecture.

scholarly journals Genome-wide data (ChIP-seq) enabled identification of cell wall-related and aquaporin genes as targets of tomato ASR1, a drought stress-responsive transcription factor

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martiniano M Ricardi ◽  
Rodrigo M González ◽  
Silin Zhong ◽  
Pía G Domínguez ◽  
Tomas Duffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data

scholarly journals Induced expression of Xerophyta viscosa XvSap1 gene greatly impacts tolerance to drought stress in transgenic sweetpotato

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Mbinda ◽  
Christina Dixelius ◽  
Richard Oduor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Candidate Target

AbstractKey message Drought stress in sweetpotato could be overcome by introducing XvSap1 gene from Xerophyta viscosa.Drought stress often leads to reduced yields and is perilous delimiter for expanded cultivation and increased productivity of sweetpotato. Cell wall stabilization proteins have been identified to play a pivotal role in mechanical stabilization during desiccation stress mitigation. They are involved in myriad cellular processes that modify the cell wall properties to tolerate the mechanical stress during dehydration in plants. This provides a possible approach to engineer crops for enhanced stable yields under adverse climatic conditions. In this study, we introduced the XvSap1 gene isolated from Xerophyta viscosa, a resurrection plant into sweetpotato by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Detection of the transgene by PCR coupled with Southern blot revealed the integration of XvSap1 in the three independent events. Sweetpotato plants expressing the XvSap1 gene exhibited superior growth performance such as shoot length, number of leaves and yield than the wild type plants under drought stress. Quantitative real time-PCR results confirmed higher expression of the XvSap1 gene in XSP1 transgenic plants imposed with drought stress. In addition, the transgenic plants had increased levels of chlorophyll, free proline and relative water content but malonaldehyde content was decreased under drought stress compared to wild type plants. Conjointly, our findings show that XvSap1 can enhance drought resilience without causing deleterious phenotypic and yield changes, thus providing a promising candidate target for improving the drought tolerance of sweetpotato cultivars through genetic engineering. The transgenic drought tolerant sweetpotato line provides a valuable resource as drought tolerant crop on arid lands of the world.

Peptide signaling for drought-induced tomato flower drop

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6485) ◽  
pp. 1482-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reichardt ◽  
H.-P. Piepho ◽  
A. Stintzi ◽  
A. Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Mature Peptide ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Small Plant ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Insight Into

The premature abscission of flowers and fruits limits crop yield under environmental stress. Drought-induced flower drop in tomato plants was found to be regulated by phytosulfokine (PSK), a peptide hormone previously known for its growth-promoting and immune-modulating activities. PSK formation in response to drought stress depends on phytaspase 2, a subtilisin-like protease of the phytaspase subtype that generates the peptide hormone by aspartate-specific processing of the PSK precursor in the tomato flower pedicel. The mature peptide acts in the abscission zone where it induces expression of cell wall hydrolases that execute the abscission process. Our results provide insight into the molecular control of abscission as regulated by proteolytic processing to generate a small plant peptide hormone.

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