scholarly journals Limber pine ( Pinus flexilis James) genetic map constructed by exome‐seq provides insight into the evolution of disease resistance and a genomic resource for genomics‐based breeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun‐Jun Liu ◽  
Anna W. Schoettle ◽  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
Fupan Yao ◽  
Arezoo Zamany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
Insight Into

Response of high-elevation limber pine (Pinus flexilis) to multiyear droughts and 20th-century warming, Sierra Nevada, California, USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2508-2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance I. Millar ◽  
Robert D. Westfall ◽  
Diane L. Delany
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Limber pine ( Pinus flexilis James) stands along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, California, experienced significant mortality from 1985 to 1995 during a period of sustained low precipitation and high temperature. The stands differ from old-growth limber pine forests in being dense, young, more even-aged, and located in warmer, drier microclimates. Tree growth showed high interannual variability. Relative to live trees, dead trees over their lifetimes had higher series sensitivity, grew more variably, and had lower growth. Although droughts recurred during the 20th century, tree mortality occurred only in the late 1980s. Significant correlations and interactions of growth and mortality dates with temperature and precipitation indicate that conditions of warmth plus sustained drought increased the likelihood of mortality in the 1985–1995 interval. This resembles a global-change-type drought, where warming combined with drought was an initial stress, trees were further weakened by dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium cyanocarpum (A. Nels. ex Rydb.) A. Nels.), and proximally killed by mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). However, the thinning effect of the drought-related mortality appears to have promoted resilience and improved near-term health of these stands, which suffered no additional mortality in the subsequent 1999–2004 drought.

scholarly journals Community Structure and Functional Role of Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) in Treeline Communities in Rocky Mountain National Park

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Laurel A. Sindewald ◽  
Diana F. Tomback ◽  
Eric R. Neumeyer
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rocky Mountain National Park ◽  
Tree Islands ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Tree Island ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Study Sites

Research Highlights: Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is abundant in some alpine treeline ecotone (ATE) communities east of the Continental Divide in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) and the Colorado Front Range. Limber pine may be able to colonize the ATE under changing climate aided by directed seed dispersal by Clark’s nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). Cronartium ribicola, white pine blister rust, is a growing threat to limber pine and may affect its functional role within the ATE. Background and Objectives: The ATE is sensitive, worldwide, to increasing temperature. However, the predicted advance of treeline under a changing climate may be modified by tree species composition and interactions. We aimed to (1) examine the conifer species composition and relative abundances in treeline communities with limber pine; (2) assess which functional roles limber pine assumes in these communities—tree island initiator, tree island component, and/or solitary tree; and (3) determine whether limber pine’s occurrence as a tree island initiator can be predicted by its relative abundance as a solitary tree. Materials and Methods: We selected four study sites in RMNP above subalpine forest limber pine stands. We sampled the nearest tree island to each of forty random points in each study site as well as solitary tree plots. Results: Across study sites, limber pine comprised, on average, 76% of solitary trees and was significantly more abundant as a solitary tree than Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) or subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Limber pine was a frequent component of multi-tree islands in three study sites, the major component in one study site, and dominated single-tree islands at two study sites. At three of four study sites, no species had significantly greater odds of being a tree island initiator. Limber pine was found less often as a tree island initiator than predicted from its relative abundance as a solitary tree, given the likely role of solitary trees in tree island formation.

scholarly journals High-density genetic map using whole-genome resequencing for fine mapping and candidate gene discovery for disease resistance in peanut

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1954-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agarwal ◽  
Josh Clevenger ◽  
Manish K. Pandey ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yaduru Shasidhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
High Density ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Resequencing ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing

Warming and the dependence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) establishment on summer soil moisture within and above its current elevation range

Oecologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Moyes ◽  
Cristina Castanha ◽  
Matthew J. Germino ◽  
Lara M. Kueppers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Elevation Range ◽  
Limber Pine

Mapping tightly linked genes controlling potyvirus infection at the Rsv1 and Rpv1 region in soybean

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Gore ◽  
A J Hayes ◽  
S C Jeong ◽  
Y G Yue ◽  
G R Buss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Resistance Gene Candidate ◽  
Rflp Rapd ◽  
Insight Into

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and peanut mottle virus (PMV) are two potyviruses that cause yield losses and reduce seed quality in infested soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) fields throughout the world. Rsv1 and Rpv1 are genes that provide soybean with resistance to SMV and PMV, respectively. Isolating and characterizing Rsv1 and Rpv1 are instrumental in providing insight into the molecular mechanism of potyvirus recognition in soybean. A population of 1056 F2 individuals from a cross between SMV- and PMV-resistant line PI 96983 (Rsv1 and Rpv1) and the susceptible cultivar 'Lee 68' (rsv1 and rpv1) was used in this study. Disease reaction and molecular-marker data were collected to determine the linkage relationship between Rsv1, Rpv1, and markers that target candidate disease-resistance genes. F2 lines showing a recombination between two of three Rsv1-flanking microsatellite markers were selected for fine mapping. Over 20 RFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers were used to map 38 loci at high-resolution to a 6.8-cM region around Rsv1 and Rpv1. This study demonstrates that Rsv1 and Rpv1 are tightly linked at a distance of 1.1 cM. In addition, resistance-gene candidate sequences were mapped to positions flanking and cosegregating with these resistance loci. Based on comparisons of genetic markers and disease reactions, it appears likely that several tightly linked genes are conditioning a resistance response to SMV. We discuss the specifics of these findings and investigate the utility of two disease resistance related probes for the screening of SMV or PMV resistance in soybean.Key words: NBS, multigene family, and disease resistance.

scholarly journals Map-based isolation of disease resistance genes from bread wheat: cloning in a supersize genome

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEAT KELLER ◽  
CATHERINE FEUILLET ◽  
NABILA YAHIAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Genome Projects

The genome of bread wheat is hexaploid and contains 1·6×1010 bp of DNA, of which more than 80% is repetitive sequences. Its size and complexity represent a challenge for the isolation of agronomically important genes, for which we frequently know only their position on the genetic map. Recently, new genomic resources and databases from genome projects have simplified the molecular analysis of the wheat genome. The first genes to be isolated from wheat by map-based cloning include three resistance genes against the fungal diseases powdery mildew and leaf rust. In this review, we will describe the approaches and resources that have contributed to this progress, and discuss genomic strategies that will simplify positional cloning in wheat in the near future.

Changes in white pine blister rust infection and mortality in limber pine over time

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyndi M. Smith ◽  
David W. Langor ◽  
Colin Myrholm ◽  
Jim Weber ◽  
Cameron Gillies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Pine Beetle

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis E. James) is under threat from white pine blister rust (WPBR), mountain pine beetle, drought, and fire suppression across its range in western North America. In 2003–2004, we established 85 plots to assess the mortality and incidence of WPBR on limber pine, and remeasured them in 2009. Infection was evident in 74% of the plots in 2003–2004 and 88% of the plots in 2009. The proportion of dead trees increased from 32% in 2003–2004 to 35% in 2009. The percentage of live trees infected increased from 33% in 2003–2004 to 43% in 2009. Mean live limber pine basal area in 2009 ranged from 0.03 to 77.8 m2/ha per plot. Twenty (24%) of the plots had no seedlings in the first measurement, but only 15% in the second measurement. Seedling infection was low (8% in 2003–2004 and 4% in 2009). In 12 plots that were measured three times, mortality increased from 30% of all trees in 1996 to 50% in 2003, then decreased to 46% in 2009. Infection decreased from 73% of live trees in 1996 to 46% in 2003, then increased to 66% in 2009. High mortality and infection levels suggest that the long-term persistence of many limber pine populations in the southern part of the study area are in jeopardy, and continued monitoring is needed to assist with management decisions.

Physiological acclimation of Pinus flexilis to drought stress on contrasting slope aspects in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Letts ◽  
Kevin N. Nakonechny ◽  
K. Eric Van Gaalen ◽  
Cyndi M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Acclimation

Photosynthetic gas-exchange characteristics were measured in Pinus flexilis James (limber pine) during two drought years in a xeric, subalpine ecosystem of the Rocky Mountains. Limber pine exhibited conservative water-use traits, including low specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, stomatal conductance, transpiration (E), and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Amax), but exhibited high needle longevity, water-use efficiency (Amax/E), and stable carbon isotope composition. Net photosynthesis declined strongly with leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit, resulting in a bimodal seasonal pattern of Amax. Although very little gas exchange was observed in late summer, photosynthetic activity extended into October. The avoidance of gas exchange during high atmospheric demand maximized whole-season water-use efficiency. Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit were higher on south-facing slopes during both moderate (2006) and severe (2007) drought. Severe drought caused lower stomatal conductance and E on the southeast-facing slope, but neither Amax nor canopy reflectance indices differed among slope aspects. Although Amax was lower in 2007 than 2006, branch-length increment did not differ. Foliar stable carbon isotope composition was higher in needles produced in dry years but did not vary among slope aspects. These results indicate that physiological acclimation to water stress prevented among-aspect differences in Amax and that shoulder-season photosynthesis may become increasingly important in a warmer climate.

scholarly journals First Report of White Pine Blister Rust in Colorado

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Johnson ◽  
W. R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Fort Collins ◽  
Park Road ◽  
Ribes Spp

In June 1999, a survey was conducted north and west of Redfeather Lakes, CO (≈64 km northwest of Fort Collins) to determine the extent of white pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola. To date the disease has not been reported in Colorado on any of the known hosts. The survey was initiated after the disease was reported on limber pine, Pinus flexilis, in 1998. A total of 65 sections were traveled by driving passable roads within three townships in Larimer County in northern Colorado. Infected limber pines were observed in nine sections. Incidence of infected trees ranged from 3 to 50% of trees sampled. A minimum of 10 trees was sampled at each location. Where trees were more abundant, 40 trees were sampled. The highest incidence of blister rust was observed near the Colorado and Wyoming state line along Cherokee Park Road. Both main stem and branch cankers were observed. Cankers appeared to be 3 to 5 years old. Mortality of entire trees was not observed. Ribes spp. were observed in the vicinity of infected limber pines. However, no infection was noted on these alternate rust hosts. Infected trees were observed 18 km south of the Colorado and Wyoming state line. The southward spread of the disease into northern Colorado from infection sites in Wyoming appears to have proceeded slowly since reports of the disease in southern Wyoming during the 1970s (1). Blister rust has the potential to spread throughout the range of white pines in Colorado, which includes scattered populations of both limber and bristlecone pines, P. aristata, located along the Continental Divide from Wyoming to the Colorado and New Mexico state line. References: (1) D. B. Brown. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:905, 1978.

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