scholarly journals RNA ‐directed DNA methylation and seed development: an unexpected difference between Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Unexpected Difference

scholarly journals Embryo CHH hypermethylation is mediated by RdDM and is autonomously directed in Brassica rapa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Chakraborty ◽  
Timmy Kendall ◽  
Jeffrey W. Grover ◽  
Rebecca A. Mosher
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Seed Abortion ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractBackgroundRNA directed DNA methylation (RdDM) initiates cytosine methylation in all contexts, and maintains asymmetric CHH methylation (where H is any base other than G). Mature plant embryos show one of the highest levels of CHH methylation, and it has been suggested that RdDM is responsible for this hypermethylation. Because loss of RdDM in Brassica rapa causes seed abortion, embryo methylation might play a role in seed development. RdDM is required in the maternal sporophyte, suggesting that small RNAs from the maternal sporophyte might translocate to the developing embryo, triggering DNA methylation that prevents seed abortion. This raises the question whether embryo hypermethylation is autonomously regulated by the embryo itself or influenced by the maternal sporophyte.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that B. rapa embryos are hypermethylated in both euchromatin and heterochromatin and that this process requires RdDM. Contrary to current models, B. rapa embryo hypermethylation is not correlated with demethylation of the endosperm. We also show that maternal somatic RdDM is not sufficient for global embryo hypermethylation, and we find no compelling evidence for maternal somatic influence over embryo methylation at any locus. Decoupling of maternal and zygotic RdDM leads to successful seed development despite loss of embryo CHH hypermethylation.ConclusionsWe conclude that embryo CHH hypermethylation is conserved, autonomously controlled, and not required for embryo development. Furthermore, maternal somatic RdDM, while required for seed development, does not directly influence embryo methylation patterns.

scholarly journals Maternal components of RNA ‐directed DNA methylation are required for seed development in Brassica rapa

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Grover ◽  
Timmy Kendall ◽  
Abdul Baten ◽  
Diane Burgess ◽  
Michael Freeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Brassica Rapa

DNA Methylation of Seed in Response to Heat Stress in Brassica rapa L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1597-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Zhen GAO ◽  
Fei YING ◽  
Bi-Yun CHEN ◽  
Hao LI ◽  
Xiao-Dan LÜ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Brassica Rapa

scholarly journals Arabidopsis MORC proteins function in the efficient establishment of RNA directed DNA methylation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xue ◽  
Zhenhui Zhong ◽  
C. Jake Harris ◽  
Javier Gallego-Bartolomé ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

AbstractThe Microrchidia (MORC) family of ATPases are required for transposable element (TE) silencing and heterochromatin condensation in plants and animals, and C. elegans MORC-1 has been shown to topologically entrap and condense DNA. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutation of MORCs has been shown to reactivate silent methylated genes and transposons and to decondense heterochromatic chromocenters, despite only minor changes in the maintenance of DNA methylation. Here we provide the first evidence localizing Arabidopsis MORC proteins to specific regions of chromatin and find that MORC4 and MORC7 are closely co-localized with sites of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). We further show that MORC7, when tethered to DNA by an artificial zinc finger, can facilitate the establishment of RdDM. Finally, we show that MORCs are required for the efficient RdDM mediated establishment of DNA methylation and silencing of a newly integrated FWA transgene, even though morc mutations have no effect on the maintenance of preexisting methylation at the endogenous FWA gene. We propose that MORCs function as a molecular tether in RdDM complexes to reinforce RdDM activity for methylation establishment. These findings have implications for MORC protein function in a variety of other eukaryotic organisms.

The amino acid permease AAP8 is important for early seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Planta ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Schmidt ◽  
Harald Stransky ◽  
Wolfgang Koch
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Amino Acid Permease ◽  
Early Seed Development

scholarly journals The De Novo Cytosine Methyltransferase DRM2 Requires Intact UBA Domains and a Catalytically Mutated Paralog DRM3 during RNA–Directed DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e1001182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Henderson ◽  
Angelique Deleris ◽  
William Wong ◽  
Xuehua Zhong ◽  
Hang Gyeong Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cytosine Methyltransferase
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