The Sheer Joy of Puzzle Solving

X-ray fiber diffraction is potentially a powerful technique to study the structure of fibrous materials, such as DNA and synthetic polymers. However, only rotationally averaged diffraction patterns can be recorded and it is difficult to correctly interpret them without the knowledge of esoteric diffraction theories. Here we demonstrate that, in principle, the non-rotationally averaged 3D structure of a fibrous material can be restored from its fiber diffraction pattern. The method is a simple puzzle-solving process and in ideal cases it does not require any prior knowledge about the structure, such as helical symmetry. We believe that the proposed method has a potential to transform the fiber diffraction to a 3D imaging technique, and will be useful for a wide field of life and materials sciences.

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FILSAFAT ILMU KARL R. POPPER DAN THOMAS S. KUHN SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PENGAJARAN ILMU

HUMANIKA ◽

10.14710/humanika.22.2.39-46 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Slamet Subekti

Keyword(s):

Science Education ◽

Philosophy Of Science ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Role Models ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Puzzle Solving ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Practice Of Science

This article discusses about philosophy of science according to Karl R. Popper and Thomas S. Kuhn. There are similarities and differences between their views about how progress and what function of science.Apparently both Popper and Kuhn agree that science does not proceed by induction. However Kuhn disagrees with the view that science progresses by falsifiability through conjectures and refutations, but occurance by paradigm shift. Popper and Kuhn’s disagreement amounted to a distinction between two functions within the practice of science, one of criticism (Popper) and one of puzzle solving (Kuhn).Science education implies the teaching and learning of science interesting and fruitful in one hand, and teachers should be role models to students in the other hand

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The post-normal sciences of precaution

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0145 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Ravetz

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Decision Making ◽

Corporate Control ◽

Applied Science ◽

Normal Science ◽

High Quality ◽

Puzzle Solving ◽

Peer Community ◽

Quality Decision

After centuries of optimism, science has become problematic and compromised. We can no longer assume that innovations are safe until proven dangerous. The ‘technocratic’ approach to science, with its reductionist methodology and its corporate control, is no longer appropriate. We need a ‘precautionary’ science that will be ‘post-normal’ in character. For this, we contrast ‘applied science,’ like the ‘puzzle-solving’ of Kuhn's ‘normal science’ and the ‘professional consultancy’ like the practice of the surgeon or engineer. Rather, we have a situation where ‘facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high, and decisions urgent.’ For high-quality decision-making, we need an ‘extended peer community’ who will bring their ‘extended facts’ to the dialogue. There are a number of initiatives that advance the post-normal programme, including the endeavours of Poul Harremoës and the conference on Uncertainty and Precaution in Environmental Management.

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Divide-and-conquer Jigsaw Puzzle Solving

2018 IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) ◽

10.1109/vcip.2018.8698731 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Huang-Chia Shih ◽

Chien-Liang Lu

Keyword(s):

Divide And Conquer ◽

Jigsaw Puzzle ◽

Puzzle Solving

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Ecosystem services

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/0309133311423172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 575-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 241

Author(s):

Marion B. Potschin ◽

Roy H. Haines-Young

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Well Being ◽

Physical Geography ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Puzzle Solving ◽

Emerging Issues ◽

Stocks And Flows ◽

Change Impact

The ‘ecosystem service’ debate has taken on many features of a classic Kuhnian paradigm. It challenges conventional wisdoms about conservation and the value of nature, and is driven as much by political agendas as scientific ones. In this paper we review some current and emerging issues arising in relation to the analysis and assessment of ecosystem services, and in particular emphasize the need for physical geographers to find new ways of characterizing the structure and dynamics of service providing units. If robust and relevant valuations are to be made of the contribution that natural capital makes to human well-being, then we need a deeper understanding of the way in which the drivers of change impact on the marginal outputs of ecosystem services. A better understanding of the trade-offs that need to be considered when dealing with multifunctional ecosystems is also required. Future developments must include methods for describing and tracking the stocks and flows that characterize natural capital. This will support valuation of the benefits estimation of the level of reinvestment that society must make in this natural capital base if it is to be sustained. We argue that if the ecosystem service concept is to be used seriously as a framework for policy and management then the biophysical sciences generally, and physical geography in particular, must go beyond the uncritical ‘puzzle solving’ that characterizes recent work. A geographical perspective can provide important new, critical insights into the place-based approaches to ecosystem assessment that are now emerging.

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Conversational asymmetry between mothers and children

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000900002993 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 35-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Kenneth Kaye ◽

Rosalind Charney

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Class ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Language Production ◽

The Other ◽

Cognitive Measures ◽

Class Differences ◽

Puzzle Solving ◽

Mothers And Children ◽

Negative Effect

ABSTRACTTURNABOUTS, which both respond to and require a response from the other (either verbal or nonverbal), were produced more than twice as often by mothers as by their children at 2; 2 and 2; 6, in videotaped dialogues during semi-structured play. The 27 mothers showed stable individual differences in this aspect of their turn-taking, across situations and across time. Children tended to take a reciprocal role rather than an imitative one within the immediate situation: if a mother produced many mands, her child produced few. At 2; 10 the children were tested for language comprehension, puzzle-solving and conversational engagement with an investigator. Mothers' mands at the earlier ages appeared to have a negative effect upon these measures, even when social class differences were controlled; but causal interpretations were complicated by the fact that language production measures also predicted the 2; 10 cognitive measures.

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