scholarly journals Systematic review and meta‐analysis of integrated studies on antimicrobial resistance genes in Africa – A One Health perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. Escher ◽  
Abdifatah M. Muhummed ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Pascale Vonaesch ◽  
Jakob Zinsstag
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Studies

scholarly journals Characterisation of the rumen resistome in Spanish dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián López-Catalina ◽  
Raquel Atxaerandio ◽  
Aser García-Rodríguez ◽  
Idoia Goiri ◽  
Mónica Gutierrez-Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract Background Rumen microorganisms carry antimicrobial resistance genes which pose a threaten to animals and humans in a One Health context. In order to tackle the emergence of antimicrobial resistance it is vital to understand how they appear, their relationship with the host, how they behave as a whole in the ruminal ecosystem or how they spread to the environment or humans. We sequenced ruminal samples from 416 Holstein dairy cows in 14 Spanish farms using nanopore technology, to uncover the presence of resistance genes and their potential effect on human, animal and environmental health. Results We found 998 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the cow rumen and studied the 25 most prevalent genes in the 14 dairy cattle farms. The most abundant ARGs were related to the use of antibiotics to treat mastitis, metritis and lameness, the most common diseases in dairy cattle. The relative abundance (RA) of bacteriophages was positively correlated to the ARGs RA. The heritability of the RA of the more abundant ARGs ranged between 0.10 (mupA) and 0.49 (tetW), similar to the heritability of the RA of microbes that carried those ARGs. Even though these genes are carried by the microorganisms, the host is partially controlling their RA by having a more suitable rumen pH, folds, or other physiological traits that promote the growth of those microorganisms. Conclusions We were able to determine the most prevalent ARGs (macB, msbA, parY, rpoB2, tetQ and TaeA) in the ruminal bacteria ecosystem. The rumen is a reservoir of ARGs, and strategies to reduce the ARG load from livestock must be pursued.

scholarly journals Genes on the Move: In Vitro Transduction of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes between Human and Canine Staphylococcal Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Sian Marie Frosini ◽  
Ross Bond ◽  
Alex J. McCarthy ◽  
Claudia Feudi ◽  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Transfer ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) between people and pets, and their co-carriage, are well-described. Potential exchange of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes amongst these staphylococci was investigated in vitro through endogenous bacteriophage-mediated transduction. Bacteriophages were UV-induced from seven donor isolates of canine (MRSP) and human (MRSA) origin, containing tet(M), tet(K), fusB or fusC, and lysates filtered. Twenty-seven tetracycline- and fusidic acid- (FA-) susceptible recipients were used in 122 donor-recipient combinations (22 tetracycline, 100 FA) across 415 assays (115 tetracycline, 300 FA). Bacteriophage lysates were incubated with recipients and presumed transductants quantified on antimicrobial-supplemented agar plates. Tetracycline resistance transduction from MRSP and MRSA to methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was confirmed by PCR in 15/115 assays. No FA-resistance transfer occurred, confirmed by negative fusB/fusC PCR, but colonies resulting from FA assays had high MICs (≥32 mg/L) and showed mutations in fusA, two at a novel position (F88L), nine at H457[Y/N/L]. Horizontal gene transfer of tetracycline-resistance confirms that resistance genes can be shared between coagulase-positive staphylococci from different hosts. Cross-species AMR transmission highlights the importance of good antimicrobial stewardship across humans and veterinary species to support One Health.

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes and its association with restricted antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego B Nobrega ◽  
Karen L Tang ◽  
Niamh P Caffrey ◽  
Jeroen De Buck ◽  
Susan C Cork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background There is ongoing debate regarding potential associations between restrictions of antimicrobial use and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. Objectives To summarize the effects of interventions reducing antimicrobial use in food-producing animals on the prevalence of AMR genes (ARGs) in bacteria from animals and humans. Methods We published a full systematic review of restrictions of antimicrobials in food-producing animals and their associations with AMR in bacteria. Herein, we focus on studies reporting on the association between restricted antimicrobial use and prevalence of ARGs. We used multilevel mixed-effects models and a semi-quantitative approach based on forest plots to summarize findings from studies. Results A positive effect of intervention [reduction in prevalence or number of ARGs in group(s) with restricted antimicrobial use] was reported from 29 studies for at least one ARG. We detected significant associations between a ban on avoparcin and diminished presence of the vanA gene in samples from animals and humans, whereas for the mecA gene, studies agreed on a positive effect of intervention in samples only from animals. Comparisons involving mcr-1, blaCTX-M, aadA2, vat(E), sul2, dfrA5, dfrA13, tet(E) and tet(P) indicated a reduced prevalence of genes in intervention groups. Conversely, no effects were detected for β-lactamases other than blaCTX-M and the remaining tet genes. Conclusions The available body of scientific evidence supported that restricted use of antimicrobials in food animals was associated with an either lower or equal presence of ARGs in bacteria, with effects dependent on ARG, host species and restricted drug.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance from a one health perspective in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche ◽  
Frédéric Moffo ◽  
Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere ◽  
Ndode Herman Okah-Nnane ◽  
Nabilah Pemi Mapiefou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals One Health Genomic Surveillance ofEscherichia coliDemonstrates Distinct Lineages and Mobile Genetic Elements in Isolates from Humans versus Livestock

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Ludden ◽  
Kathy E. Raven ◽  
Dorota Jamrozy ◽  
Theodore Gouliouris ◽  
Beth Blane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTLivestock have been proposed as a reservoir for drug-resistantEscherichia colithat infect humans. We isolated and sequenced 431E. coliisolates (including 155 extended-spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL]-producing isolates) from cross-sectional surveys of livestock farms and retail meat in the East of England. These were compared with the genomes of 1,517E. colibacteria associated with bloodstream infection in the United Kingdom. Phylogenetic core genome comparisons demonstrated that livestock and patient isolates were genetically distinct, suggesting thatE. colicausing serious human infection had not directly originated from livestock. In contrast, we observed highly related isolates from the same animal species on different farms. Screening all 1,948 isolates for accessory genes encoding antibiotic resistance revealed 41 different genes present in variable proportions in human and livestock isolates. Overall, we identified a low prevalence of shared antimicrobial resistance genes between livestock and humans based on analysis of mobile genetic elements and long-read sequencing. We conclude that within the confines of our sampling framework, there was limited evidence that antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with serious human infection had originated from livestock in our region.IMPORTANCEThe increasing prevalence ofE. colibloodstream infections is a serious public health problem. We used genomic epidemiology in a One Health study conducted in the East of England to examine putative sources ofE. coliassociated with serious human disease.E. colifrom 1,517 patients with bloodstream infections were compared with 431 isolates from livestock farms and meat. Livestock-associated and bloodstream isolates were genetically distinct populations based on core genome and accessory genome analyses. Identical antimicrobial resistance genes were found in livestock and human isolates, but there was limited overlap in the mobile elements carrying these genes. Within the limitations of sampling, our findings do not support the idea thatE. colicausing invasive disease or their resistance genes are commonly acquired from livestock in our region.

Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug-Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9 , rmtG and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Coppola ◽  
Nicolás F. Cordeiro ◽  
Gustavo Trenchi ◽  
Fernanda Esposito ◽  
Bruna Fuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Production Stages

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings, but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we have performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in one-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by polymerase chain reaction and clonality was assessed by PFGE. Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Twenty-eight MDR isolates identified as Escherichia coli ( n = 14), Enterobacter cloacae ( n = 11) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( n = 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M-8 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla CTX-M-55 and bla CMY-2 , plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with qnrB19 , qnrE1 , and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA -type genes, respectively. Short and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae ODC-Eclo3 strain revealed the presence of IncQ/ rmtG (pUR-EC3.1, 7400-pb), IncHI2A/ mcr-9.1 / bla CTX-M-2 [pUR-EC3.2, ST16 (pMLST), 408,436-bp] and IncN2/ qnrB19 / aacC3 / aph(3’’)-Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the bla CTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn 1696 -like composite transposon designated Tn 7337 . In summary, we report that imported one-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9 , rmtG and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue within a One Health perspective. Importance section Antimicrobial resistance is considered a significant problem for global health, including within the concept of "One Health", therefore, the food chain is a link that connects human and animal health directly. In this work, we searched for microorganisms resistant to antibiotics considered critical for human health in intestinal microbiota of one-day-old baby chicks imported to Uruguay from Brazil. We described antibiotic-resistant genes to antibiotics named as to watch or reserve for the WHO, such as rmtG or mcr9.1 , which confers resistance to all the aminoglycosides and colistin, respectively, among others genes, and their presence in new mobile genetic elements that favor its dissemination. The sustained entry of these microorganisms evades the sanitary measures implemented by the countries and production establishments to reduce the selection of resistant microorganisms. These silently imported resistant microorganisms could explain a considerable part of the antimicrobial resistance problems found in the production stages of the system.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Experimental Data Concerning Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Transfer Rates during Conjugation

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 6085-6090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Hunter ◽  
Dawn C. Wilkinson ◽  
Louise A. Catling ◽  
Gary C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis of published transfer rates of antimicrobial resistance genes. A total of 34 papers were identified, of which 28 contained rates estimated in relation to either donor or recipient bacterial counts. The published rates ranged from 10−2 to 10−9. Generalized linear modeling was conducted to identify the factors influencing this variation. Highly significant associations between transfer frequency and both the donor (P = 1.2 � 10−4) and recipient (P = 1.0 � 10−5) genera were found. Also significant was whether the donor and recipient strains were of the same genus (P = 0.023) and the nature of the genetic element (P = 0.0019). The type of experiment, in vivo or in vitro, approached statistical significance (P = 0.12). Parameter estimates from a general linear model were used to estimate the probability of transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes to potential pathogens in the intestine following oral ingestion. The mean logarithms of these probabilities are in the range of [−7.0, −3.1]. These probability distributions are suitable for use in the quantitative assessment of the risk of transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes to the intestinal flora of humans and animals.

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