Economic evaluation of implementing a decentralised Hepatitis B virus diagnostic intervention under National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme in Tamil Nadu, South India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malaisamy Muniyandi ◽  
Kirti Tyagi ◽  
Malkeet Singh ◽  
Venkatesan Prakash ◽  
Nagarajan Karikalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
B Virus

Viral Hepatitis: 1985 Update

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus

During the past two decades extraordinary advances in hepatitis research have clarified the etiology and natural history of the disease. At least four types of hepatitis have been identified: A, B, D (delta), and non-A, non-B. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) have been characterized. Serologic tests have been developed to detect the antigens and antibodies associated with these three hepatitis infections. As of the present time, the non-A, non-B viral agents have not been identified. Therefore, non-A, non-B hepatitis is diagnosed by excluding other viral causes of hepatitis, such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and others. A recent report indicating that non-A, non-B hepatitis may be caused by a retrovirus, if confirmed, may provide a specific marker of this infection. The course of viral hepatitis is variable; it may be an asymptomatic, anteric infection, or it may be an acute illness characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most patients recover completely, but occasionally the infection may be complicated by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and, occasionally, by a fulminant fatal outcome. This review will be devoted predominantly to a discussion of the diagnostic and prophylactic aspects of hepatitis A and hepatitis B viral infections.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Knowledge of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among People Who Use Drugs Attending Methadone Therapy Clinic in Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semvua Kilonzo ◽  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
David C. Majinge ◽  
Hyasinta Jaka ◽  
Paulina M. Manyiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background: Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania.Methods: We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV.Results: An overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis (either hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C virus) was 6.3%, while that of hepatitis B virus mono infection was 3.5% and anti-hepatitis C virus mono infection was 3.5%. Seroprevalence of HIV was 12.6%. Viral hepatitis was strongly predicted by advanced age (>35 years) (p=0.02) and staying at Kirumba area (p=0.004), and HIV infection was predicted by increased age (>37 years) (p=0.04) and female sex (p<0.001). Regarding the knowledge of viral hepatitis, majority of the respondents were unaware of the transmission methods and availability of hepatitis B virus vaccines and only 17% were classified as well informed (provided ≥ 4 correct answers out of 7 questions). Good knowledge was highly predicted by higher education level of the individual (p=0.001).Conclusions: Despite the efforts to curb viral hepatitis and HIV infections through Methadone clinics, infection rates among people who use drugs are still high and the general knowledge on preventive measures is inadequate.

scholarly journals Introduction of birth dose of hepatitis B virus vaccine to the immunization program in Ethiopia: an economic evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Tessema Memirie ◽  
Hailemichael Desalegn ◽  
Mulugeta Naizgi ◽  
Mulat Nigus ◽  
Lisanu Taddesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine

scholarly journals Chronic viral hepatitis induced by hepatitis C but not hepatitis B virus infection correlates with increased liver angiogenesis

Hepatology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mazzanti ◽  
L. Messerini ◽  
L. Monsacchi ◽  
G. Buzzelli ◽  
A. L. Zignego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Immunization against Viral Hepatitis B: Lessons Learnt from Kingdom of Cambodia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chham Samnang ◽  
Bun Sreng ◽  
Ork Vichit ◽  
Yuong Vuthikol ◽  
Chum Aun
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B

ABSTRACT An account of immunization against hepatitis B virus in Cambodia is given. How to cite this article Sreng B, Vichit O, Vuthikol Y, Aun C, Samnang C. Immunization against Viral Hepatitis B: Lessons Learnt from Kingdom of Cambodia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(1):43-47.

scholarly journals Relevance of screening for Chagas and viral hepatitis in Bolivian migrants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Losada Galván ◽  
Giuseppe Gariup ◽  
Aina Casellas ◽  
Carme Subirà ◽  
Alex Almuedo-Riera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractObjectivesgiven the scarcity of data regarding prevalence of various infectious diseases in Latin-American countries, our study aims to assess the burden of T.cruzi, S.stercoralis, HIV and viral hepatitis in Latin-American migrants, with a focus on Bolivian migrants.Methodswe performed a retrospective observational study of 565 screening evaluations on adults (≥ 18 years) carried out at our referral International Healthcare service in Barcelona. We reviewed structured clinical records and microbiological results of patients attended between February 2012 and April 2015.Resultsthe median 35 years old and 74% were women. Bolivian origin accounted for 87% of the screened population. We found a 48% prevalence of T.cruzi, 16% of S.stercoralis, 0.2% of HIV, 92% of HAV, 0.2% HBV and 0.2% HCV.Conclusionsthese results support the relevance of the screening of T. cruzi and S. stercoralis in Bolivian migrants, but challenge the pertinence of systematic screening of HBV in this population.Author summaryIn response to the challenge of detecting diseases not previously present in host countries, screening programs have been implemented for migrants based on the probability of having certain diseases depending on their country of origin and / or migratory route. This increased risk is very clearly established in some cases such as Trypanosoma cruzi infection (the cause of Chagas disease) in people from Latin America; especially from Bolivia. In recent years screening recommendations for Strongyloides stercoralis in this population was proven necessary. Current recommendations regarding systematic screening for hepatitis B establish the relevance of screening based on the probability of the disease in the 2% population of origin. Since there are no reliable and up to date data regarding prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Bolivia, we aimed to analyze data available for migrants from Bolivia in Spain.Our results support the importance of screening for T. cruzi and S.stercoralis in patients from Bolivia. However, our data show a much lower prevalence of this hepatitis B virus (0.2%) than the 2% threshold that would justify systematic screening, so we question the relevance of screening for hepatitis B virus in this population in the absence of other risk factors.

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