scholarly journals Microbiological effectiveness of household water treatment technologies under field use conditions in rural Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Thomas Clasen ◽  
Robert Mussa Njee ◽  
Hamisi M. Malebo ◽  
Stephen Mbuligwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Advancing performance evaluation standards for household water treatment technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brown ◽  
C. Farrow ◽  
E. A. McBean ◽  
B. Gharabaghi ◽  
J. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Influent Concentration ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Abstract Diarrheal illnesses and fatalities continue to be major issues in many regions throughout the world. Household water treatment (HWT) technologies (including both point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) treatment solutions) have been shown as able to deliver safe water in many low-income communities. However, as shown herein, there are important inconsistencies in protocols employed for validating performance of HWTs. The WHO does not stipulate influent concentration as a parameter that could influence removal efficacy, nor does it indicate an influent concentration range that should be used during technology evaluations. A correlation between influent concentration and removal is evidenced herein (R2 = 0.88) with higher influent concentrations resulting in higher log-removal values (LRVs). The absence of a recommended standard influent concentration of bacteria (as well as for viruses and protozoa) could have negative consequences in intervention efforts. Recommendations are provided that regulatory bodies should specify an influent concentration range for testing and verification of HWT technologies.

scholarly journals Assessment of carwash wastewater reclamation potential based on household water treatment technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 100164
Author(s):  
Fausto A. Canales ◽  
Diego Plata-Solano ◽  
Rubén Cantero-Rodelo ◽  
Yoleimy Ávila Pereira ◽  
Karina Díaz-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Comparison of Three Household Water Treatment Technologies in San Mateo Ixtatán, Guatemala

2015 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 04014085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Mellor ◽  
Erin Kallman ◽  
Vinka Oyanedel-Craver ◽  
James A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Development and Evaluation of Nano Electret Filters for Household Water Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 767-772
Author(s):  
Young Chull Ahn ◽  
Jae Ik Cho ◽  
Si Eun Kim ◽  
Ah Hee Jeong ◽  
Gil Tae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Test System ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Charge Potential ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Quality Water

Korea is expected to one of countries with water shortages, and thus must secure high-quality water resources and strictly maintain them. However, water is frequently polluted and there is still a lack of water treatment technologies and facilities to provide safe water. To remove pollutants, membrane-based methods are being widely used for water treatment. It needs high pressure and energy to capture the pollutants by pore size. In this study, electrostatic force is used to increase the efficiency of filtration and decrease pressure loss. By electro spinning, nanoelectret filter is made with 100 nm in diameter and positive charge potential. Surface potential is measured by electrostatic voltmeter system with nanoelectret filter by three conditions of applied voltage. For the filtration performance, filtration efficiency is measured by filter test system with 0.5 and 1.0 PSL. Also pressure loss of nanoelectret filter is measured by comparing PC membrane.

scholarly journals Methods, Protocols, Guidance and Standards for Performance Evaluation for Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies: History, Current Status, Future Needs and Directions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bailey ◽  
Nikki Beetsch ◽  
Douglas A. Wait ◽  
Hemali H. Oza ◽  
Nirmala Ronnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
Testing Protocols

It is estimated that 780 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources and approximately 2 billion people use fecally contaminated drinking water. Effective point-of-use water treatment systems (POU) can provide water with sufficiently reduced concentrations of pathogenic enteric microorganisms to not pose significant health risks to consumers. Household water treatment (HWT) systems utilize various technologies that physically remove and/or inactivate pathogens. A limited number of governmental and other institutional entities have developed testing protocols to evaluate the performance of POU water treatment systems. Such testing protocols are essential to documenting effective performance because inferior and ineffective POU treatment technologies are thought to be in widespread use. This critical review examines specific practices, procedures and specification of widely available POU system evaluation protocols. Testing protocols should provide standardized and detailed instructions yet be sufficiently flexible to deal with different treatment technologies, test microbe priorities and choices, testing facility capabilities and public health needs. Appropriate infectivity or culture assays should be used to quantify test enteric bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites, or other appropriate surrogates or substitutes for them, although processes based on physical removal can be tested by methods that detect microbes as particles. Recommendations include further research of stock microbe production and handling methods to consistently yield test microbes in a realistic state of aggregation and, in the case of bacteria, appropriately physiologically stressed. Bacterial quantification methods should address the phenomenon of bacterial injury and repair in order to maximally recover those that are culturable and potentially infectious. It is only with harmonized national and international testing protocols and performance targets that independent and unbiased testing can be done to assure consumers that POU treatment technologies are able to produce water of high microbial quality and low health risk.

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