Duration of residence and disease occurrence among refugees and family reunited immigrants: test of the ‘healthy migrant effect’ hypothesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Norredam ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Oluf K. Hoejbjerg Hansen ◽  
Jørgen H. Petersen ◽  
Stine Byberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Migrant Effect ◽  
Duration Of Residence ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Effect Hypothesis

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oliveira ◽  
K. B. A. Pimentel ◽  
M. L. Moura ◽  
C. F. Aragão ◽  
A. S. Guimarães-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Invertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Dongwu Liu ◽  
Yangyang Shen ◽  
Mujie Huang ◽  
Lili Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
And Function

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of metal-dependent endopeptidases which contain a series of conserved pro-peptide domains and catalytic domains. MMPs have been widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. MMPs are involved in regulating numerous physiological processes, pathological processes, and immune responses. In addition, MMPs play a key role in disease occurrence, including tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. Compared with invertebrate MMPs, vertebrate MMPs have diverse subtypes and complex functions. Therefore, it is difficult to study the function of MMPs in vertebrates. However, it is relatively easy to study invertebrate MMPs because there are fewer subtypes of MMPs in invertebrates. In the present review, the structure and function of MMPs in invertebrates were summarized, which will provide a theoretical basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of MMPs in invertebrates.

scholarly journals SAT0339 NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1115.2-1115
Author(s):  
T. Porel ◽  
S. DE Almeida Chaves ◽  
D. Adoue ◽  
L. Astudillo ◽  
D. Ribes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Nervous System Disease ◽  
Cns Disease ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Disease Occurrence

Background:Nervous system involvement is considered to be rare in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Its prevalence is highly variable in SSc cohort studies and its prognosis is not well established.Objectives:To determine the frequency, clinical characteristics, associations, and outcomes of different types of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) disease in a cohort of systemic sclerosis patients.Methods:We have carried out a retrospective observational study by systematically analyzing the medical records of patients diagnosed with SSc in Toulouse University Hospital and Ducuing Hospital, south west France. We included patients who met the following inclusion criteria: being over 18 years of age on diagnosis, meeting the ACR /EULAR 2013 classification criteria, being diagnosed after 01/01/1966 and before 31/12/2018, at least 12 months of follow-up. Patients were followed until 31/12/2019. Nervous system involvement associated with SSc was included when there was involvement on or after diagnosis and after exclusion of all other causes. Only symptomatic clinical involvement was included. Ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes were excluded. We calculated the incidence of CNS and/or PNS disease during the follow-up period per 1,000 person-years. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to determine the cumulative incidence of nervous system disease. We evaluated associated factors of CNS and/or PNS disease using multivariable Cox regression.Results:Of 447 SSc patients, 79.8% were female, 68 (15%) were diffuse cutaneous SSc, 342 (77%) were limited cutaneous SSc and 37 (8%) were sine scleroderma SSc. The mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 52.9 ± 14.3 years.During the study period, 82 (18%) patients experienced a PNS disease, 29 (6%) a CNS disease. The incidence was 28 per 1,000 patient-years of any nervous system disease, with 22 per 1,000 patient-years and 6 per 1,000 patient-years of PNS disease and CNS disease, respectively. The most frequent were carpal tunnel syndrome (63%) and polyneuropathies (12%) for PNS disease, and headache (45%) and seizures (10%) for CNS disease.Three significant independent associated factors with PNS disease occurrence were identified using multivariable Cox regression: BMI>23.1kg/m2(HR = 1.06 [1.01-1.12]), joint involvement (HR = 2.7 [1.3-5.5]), and an alteration in the left ventricular ejection fraction (HR = 3.8 [1.4-10.3]).Four significant independent associated factors with CNS disease occurrence were identified: age > 54 years (HR = 2.5 [1.1-6.0]), positive anti-PmScl testing (HR = 6.4 [1.5-28.2]), Caucasian origin (HR = 0.2 [0.1-0.5]) and hemoglobin < 12g/dl (HR = 0.2 [0.04-0.8]).Nervous system disease occurrence did not appear to have a negative impact on the survival of SSc patients (log-rank p=0.56).Conclusion:This study shows that specific nervous system disease in SSc is not uncommon and does not appear to increase mortality, but it could have an impact on functional prognosis and needs to be monitored.Disclosure of Interest:None declared

scholarly journals A New Identification Method Reveals the Resistance of an Extensive-Source Radish Collection to Plasmodiophora brassicae Race 4

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Haohui Yang ◽  
Yuxiang Yuan ◽  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Haiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Central China ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
South Central ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Stability

Raphanus sativus, an important cruciferous vegetable, has been increasingly affected by clubroot disease. Establishing a stable and accurate resistance identification method for screening resistant germplasms is urgently needed in radish. In this study, the influence of inoculum concentration, inoculation methods, and pH of the substrate on disease occurrence was studied. The result showed that the disease index (DI) was highest at 2 × 108 spores/mL, the efficiency of two-stage combined inoculation methods was higher than others, and pH 6.5 was favorable for the infection of P. brassicae. By using this new method, DIs of 349 radish germplasms varying from 0.00 to 97.04, presented significantly different levels of resistance. Analysis showed that 85.06% germplasms from China were susceptible to P. brassicae, whilst 28 accessions were resistant and mainly distributed in east, southwest, northwest, and south-central China. Most of the exotic germplasms were resistant. Repeated experiments verified the stability and reliability of the method and the identity of germplasm resistance. In total, 13 immune, 5 highly resistant and 21 resistant radish accessions were identified. This study provides an original clubroot-tolerance evaluation technology and valuable materials for the development of broad-spectrum resistant varieties for sustainable clubroot management in radish and other cruciferous crops.

scholarly journals Farmers’ knowledge and perception of finger millet blast disease and its control practices in western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilton Mbinda ◽  
Agnes Kavoo ◽  
Fredah Maina ◽  
Margaret Odeph ◽  
Cecilia Mweu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Disease Occurrence

Abstract Background Finger millet blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is a serious constrain of finger millet production which is threatening global food security especially to the resource poor smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid regions. The disease adversely affects finger millet production and consumption due to its wide distribution and destruction in all finger millet growing areas of southern Asia and eastern Africa. Here, we present a study that investigated the occurrence, impact, risk factors and farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of finger millet blast in Kenya. Methods We surveyed blast disease occurrence and interviewed farmers in Bungoma and Kisii Counties of Kenya during March–April 2019. Data were analysed using SPSS statistical program. Descriptive analysis was done by calculating means, percentages, frequencies, and standard errors. Comparative statistics, chi-square and t-tests, were used to evaluate differences existing among the farm characteristics and socio-demographics and the knowledge and perceptions of blast disease and its management practices. Results Our results show that blast disease is prevalent in all surveyed areas and adversely affects the productivity of the crop leading to poor yields. The disease occurrence varied from 92 to 98%, and was significantly higher in the major finger millet growing areas compared to the minor ones. Blast occurrence was associated with rainfall, altitude, planting density, intercropping and other farming practices. In all the surveyed regions, farmers had little knowledge about blast disease identification, its detection and spread. Further, the farmers’ awareness of blast disease control was inconsistent with established practices. Conclusions Our results show mitigation of finger millet blast disease should aim at improving farmers’ adoption of best practices through development of acceptable blast-resistant finger millet varieties, use of sustainable disease management practices, fostering linkages and creating new partnerships in the production-supply chain and maintaining a functional seed system. Findings from this study provide essential insights for effective decision making and management of the disease. This is fundamental to sustainable and secure food and income for finger millet growing farmers in Kenya.

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