scholarly journals Current practices for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus and other non-influenza respiratory viruses in high-risk patient populations: a survey of institutions in the Midwestern Respiratory Virus Collaborative

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Beaird ◽  
A. Freifeld ◽  
M.G. Ison ◽  
S.J. Lawrence ◽  
N. Theodoropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Risk Patient ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Current Practices

scholarly journals Evaluation of Appropriateness and Cost Savings of Pharmacist-Driven Palivizumab Ordering

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-641
Author(s):  
Krista L. Weaver ◽  
Deborah S. Bondi ◽  
Pooja A. Shah ◽  
Palak H. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Risk Patient ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Institutional Cost ◽  
Syncytial Virus

OBJECTIVES Guidelines by the AAP for the use of palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) recommend administration within 72 hours prior to discharge for selected high-risk patient populations. Our institution historically administered palivizumab on a fixed-day schedule of Mondays and Thursdays, but adjusted the practice in fall 2017 to a pharmacist-driven flex-schedule based on anticipated discharge date. This review evaluated the effect of pharmacist-driven palivizumab ordering on the appropriateness of palivizumab administrations, based on AAP and institutional recommendations. Additionally, this review evaluated for effects on institutional cost. METHODS This was a retrospective single-center evaluation including patients for whom palivizumab was ordered between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2018. Patients in the 2016–2017 RSV season were in the fixed-day group, while patients in the 2017–2018 RSV season were in the flex-schedule group. RESULTS A total of 142 palivizumab doses were evaluated. Overall, 97% of administrations were for an appropriate indication. All doses administered inappropriately (n = 4) occurred in the fixed-day group. In the fixed-day group, 48.6% of doses were given within 72 hours prior to discharge, which increased to 70.1% in the flex-schedule group (p = 0.01). The amount of drug saved by batching was 1 vial for every 4.9 patients in the fixed-day group, and 1 vial for every 4.8 patients in the flex-schedule group. CONCLUSIONS There was a statistically significant improvement in compliance with AAP recommendations following the implementation of pharmacist-driven flex-schedule for palivizumab, compared to a fixed-day batching schedule. There was no significant difference in cost.

scholarly journals Adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in the sera of Jamaicans

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARYSurveys for respiratory virus antibodies in the Jamaican population have shown that adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza types 1 and 3 virus antibodies are acquired early in life. The incidence of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to parainfluonza viruses increases rapidly with age and almost all adults possess parainfluenza type 3 antibody, usually in high titre. Parainfluenza type 1 antibodies are only slightly less common. Complement-fixing antibodies to the adenovirus group were also observed to increase in incidence with age.Complement-fixing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus was less common in Jamaican sera than antibody to the other respiratory viruses described here. The highest titres were observed in the youngest age-group.

scholarly journals Respiratory Virus Infections in Adults with Hematologic Malignancies: A Prospective Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martino ◽  
Elena Rámila ◽  
Núria Rabella ◽  
José Manuel Muñoz ◽  
Mercé Peyret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Abstract During a 2-year period, 157 consecutive episodes of respiratory virus infections that occurred in 130 patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed for respiratory viruses. A respiratory virus was identified in 75 episodes (48%), and several viruses were found in 13 episodes: there were a total of 56 influenza A virus infections, 14 respiratory syncytial virus infections, 8 adenovirus infections, 8 infections with parainfluenza virus types 1 or 3, and 7 enterovirus infections. On multivariate analysis, the only variable that predicted progression to pneumonia in patients with an upper respiratory tract infection was the presence of respiratory syncytial virus, whereas lymphocytopenia had a nonsignificant trend. Also, among the 38 patients who had pneumonia at any time during the episode, both respiratory syncytial virus and lymphocytopenia were commonly found. For both epidemiological and therapeutic considerations, frequent screening for respiratory viruses should be incorporated into the routine diagnostic study of patients with hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals Direct Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza Virus, and Adenovirus in Clinical Respiratory Specimens by a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3149-3154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Osiowy
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Diagnosis of respiratory virus infections currently involves detection by isolation or antigen detection, which usually identifies only a single suspected agent. To permit identification of more than one respiratory virus in clinical specimens, a rapid detection method involving a single-step, multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed. The assay included five primer sets that amplified the RNA of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes A and B, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, and adenovirus types 1 to 7. Initially the assay was tested on tissue culture-grown virus and was found to be specific for all 12 prototype viruses tested, with no interassay cross amplification or amplification of other respiratory viruses. Assay sensitivity allowed a detection range of 0.2 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) for adenovirus to 250 TCID50 for parainfluenza virus type 1. The multiplex RT-PCR assay was also able to directly detect viruses in respiratory specimens, with virus being detected in 41 of 112 samples as compared to 34 of 112 samples detected by direct immunofluorescence or antigen detection following specimen culture. This suggests that the multiplex RT-PCR assay can be used as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method for major respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals Using routine testing data to understand circulation patterns of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses in Victoria, Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Price ◽  
S. G. Sullivan ◽  
C. Sutterby ◽  
J. Druce ◽  
K. S. Carville
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Several studies have reported evidence of interference between respiratory viruses: respiratory viruses rarely reach their epidemic peak concurrently and there appears to be a negative association between infection with one respiratory virus and co-infection with another. We used results spanning 16 years (2002–2017) of a routine diagnostic multiplex panel that tests for nine respiratory viruses to further investigate these interactions in Victoria, Australia. Time series analyses were used to plot the proportion positive for each virus. The seasonality of all viruses included was compared with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus using cross-correlations. Logistic regression was used to explore the likelihood of co-infection with one virus given infection with another. Seasonal peaks were observed each year for influenza A and RSV and less frequently for influenza B, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus. RSV circulated an average of 6 weeks before influenza A. Co-infection with another respiratory virus was less common with picornavirus, RSV or influenza A infection. Our findings provide further evidence of a temporal relationship in the circulation of respiratory viruses. A greater understanding of the interaction between respiratory viruses may enable better prediction of the timing and magnitude of respiratory virus epidemics.

scholarly journals Isolation of Viruses and Mycoplasmas from Middle Ear Effusions: A Review

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome O. Klein ◽  
David W. Teele
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Reports of studies of middle ear effusions (MEE) obtained by needle aspiration are reviewed in this paper; viruses were isolated from 29 of 663 patients (4.4%) and respiratory syncytial virus was isolated most frequently (22 patients); only one mycoplasma, M. pneumoniae, was recovered from the MEE of 771 patients. Viruses were also sought from the throat or nasopharynx of 249 patients with MEE; 59 patients (23.7%) had a respiratory virus present. M. pneumoniae was isolated from the throat or nasopharynx in three of 116 patients. Although these results indicate that viruses and mycoplasmas are uncommonly found in effusions associated with acute or chronic otitis media, few studies have been attempted in recent years. The discovery of additional respiratory viruses and development of new techniques for isolation and identification of viruses indicate that the present results may be incomplete.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and other seasonal respiratory virus circulation in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Groves ◽  
P Piché-Renaud ◽  
A Peci ◽  
DS Farrar ◽  
S Buckrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Seasonal Epidemic ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in implementation of public health measures worldwide to mitigate disease spread, including; travel restrictions, lockdowns, messaging on handwashing, use of face coverings and physical distancing. As the pandemic progresses, exceptional decreases in seasonal respiratory viruses are increasingly reported. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on circulation of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and other seasonal respiratory viruses in Canada.MethodsEpidemiologic data were obtained from the Canadian Respiratory Virus Detection Surveillance System. Weekly data from the week ending 30th August 2014 until the week ending the 13th February 2021 were analysed. We compared trends in laboratory detection and test volumes during the 2020/2021 influenza season with baseline pre-pandemic seasons from 2014 to 2019.FindingsWe observed a dramatically lower percentage of tests positive for all seasonal respiratory viruses during 2020-2021 compared to baseline. For influenza A and B the percent positive decreased to 0·0017 and 0·0061 times that of baseline respectively and for RSV, the percent positive dropped to 0·0145 times that of baseline. Ongoing detection of enterovirus/rhinovirus occurred, with regional variation in the epidemic patterns and intensity.InterpretationWe report an effective absence of the annual seasonal epidemic of most seasonal respiratory viruses in 2020/2021. This dramatic decrease is likely related to implementation of multi-layered public health measures during the pandemic. The impact of such measures may have relevance for public health practice in mitigating seasonal respiratory virus epidemics and for informing responses to future respiratory virus pandemics.FundingNo additional funding source was required for this study.Research in contextEvidence before this studyWe searched PubMed, preprint servers and country-specific public health rapid communications to identify surveillance and epidemiological studies on influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and other seasonal respiratory virus detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. A number of regional and national studies were identified worldwide. The majority of these studies focus on influenza epidemiology and all studies show consistent decreases in circulation of seasonal non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses. One previous study on the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on laboratory detections of influenza A and B in Canada included data for the 2019/2020 influenza season. Another recent study examined the effect of seasonal respiratory virus transmission on COVID-19 syndromic surveillance in the province of Ontario, Canada. No previous Canada-wide study has described the epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and other seasonal respiratory virus detection during the 2020/2021 influenza season.Added value of this studyThe Canadian Respiratory Virus Detection Surveillance System provides weekly respiratory virus detection reports from sentinel laboratories across Canada for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus/rhinovirus and seasonal coronaviruses. Data have been collected continuously since 2004. Analysis of this dataset provides a comprehensive assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses in Canada and analysis of data from the Canadian Public Health Infobase on COVID-19 allowed comparison of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. This is the first country-wide study in the Northern hemisphere to describe the concurrent epidemiology of all major seasonal respiratory viruses and SARS-CoV-2 during the 2020/2021 influenza season.Implications of all the available evidenceThe effective absence of the annual seasonal epidemic for most non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses in 2020/2021 has important public health implications for informing ongoing and future responses to respiratory virus epidemics and pandemics.

Endovascular Repair of an Aortoenteric Fistula in a High-Risk Patient

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Deshpande ◽  
Mark Lovelock ◽  
Peter Mossop ◽  
Michael Denton ◽  
John Vidovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Endovascular Repair ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Aortoenteric Fistula ◽  
Risk Patient
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