An Empiricist View on Laws, Quantities and Physical Necessity

Theoria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-101
Author(s):  
Lars‐Göran Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Necessity

Because Without Cause

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lange
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Scientific Explanations ◽  
Physical Necessity ◽  
Explanatory Priority ◽  
Causal Laws

This chapter investigates non-causal scientific explanations that work by describing how the explanandum involves stronger-than-physical necessity by virtue of certain facts (“constraints”) that possess some variety of necessity stronger than ordinary causal laws possess. In particular, the chapter offers an account of the order of explanatory priority in explanations by constraint. It examines several important examples of explanations by constraint, distinguishing their natural kinds. It gives an account of the sense in which constraints are modally stronger than ordinary causal laws and an account of why certain deductions of constraints exclusively from other constraints possess explanatory power whereas others lack explanatory power.

Physical Necessity is Not Necessity Tout Court

Metaphysica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
George Masterton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Necessity

Simulation and experimental investigations for the patch near-field acoustical holography

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Yang ◽  
J Chen ◽  
J Q Li ◽  
W F Xue
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Regularization Methods ◽  
Aperture Size ◽  
Measurement Surface ◽  
Physical Necessity ◽  
Acoustical Holography

In order to reconstruct the sound field, the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based near-field acoustical holography (NAH) demands that the measurement surface must extend to a region where the sound pressure decreases to a low level. This method is unfit for reconstructing the partial sound field in which the measurement aperture size is limited either by physical necessity or as a way of reducing the measurement cost. Statistically optimal NAH (SONAH) performs plane-to-plane calculations directly in the spatial domain, avoids all errors occurred in the FFT-based NAH and significantly increases the accuracy of the reconstruction of the partial sound field. In the present work, combined with the different regularization methods, SONAH is performed for reconstructing the partial sound field. The errors over the central and the peripheral sections of the reconstruction area are researched separately. Simulations and experiments show that SONAH is successful in reconstructing the partial sound field and the errors over the central sections are smaller than that over the peripheral sections. Experiments demonstrate that Tikhonov regularization in conjunction with Engl's criterion is suitable for the reconstruction of the practical sound field.

scholarly journals Flowering Buds of Globular Proteins: Transpiring Simplicity of Protein Organization

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor N. Berezovsky ◽  
Edward N. Trifonov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Evolution ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Globular Proteins ◽  
Polymer Physics ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
Physical Necessity ◽  
Functional Complexity

Structural and functional complexity of proteins is dramatically reduced to a simple linear picture when the laws of polymer physics are considered. A basic unit of the protein structure is a nearly standard closed loop of 25–35 amino acid residues, and every globular protein is built of consecutively connected closed loops. The physical necessity of the closed loops had been apparently imposed on the early stages of protein evolution. Indeed, the most frequent prototype sequence motifs in prokaryotic proteins have the same sequence size, and their high match representatives are found as closed loops in crystallized proteins. Thus, the linear organization of the closed loop elements is a quintessence of protein evolution, structure and folding.

scholarly journals KARAKTER TUANG DALAM BUDAYA MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG ADAT CIREUNDEU

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Abdullah Mu'min
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Physical Necessity ◽  
Basic Need ◽  
Culture Tradition

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna tuang bagi masyarakat Cireundeu. Tuang tidak sekedar bahasa simbolik, namum mengandung makna budaya, tradisi, adat istiadat bahkan ritual adat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Dihasilkan dari penelitian ini, tuang dimaknai bukan sekedar hajat jasmaniah semata, tapi hakikat-nya sumber kekuatan spiritual dengan singkong sebagai kebutuhan pokok. Istilah teu dahar asal kuat, bermakna filosofis sebagai sumber kekuatan, kehidupan, dan kemandirian bagi masyarakat Cireundeu. This study aims to reveal the meaning of Tuang for the people of Cireundeu. Tuang is not just a symbolic language, but contains the meaning of culture, tradition, customs and even traditional rituals. This study uses a qualitative approach to the case study method. Collecting data through observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies. As a result of this research, pour is interpreted not merely as a physical necessity, but the essence of the source of spiritual strength with cassava as a basic need. The term "teu dahar asal kuat", philosophical meaning as a source of strength, life, and independence for the people of Cireundeu.

Logical necessity, physical necessity, ethics, and quantifiers

Inquiry ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Montague
Keyword(s):  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Physical Necessity

Causality and Time in Political Process: A Speculation

1964 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Political Process ◽  
String Model ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Ordinary Experience ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Puppet Show ◽  
Physical Necessity

“All philosophers, of every school, imagine that causation is one of the fundamental axioms of science, yet, oddly enough, in advanced science … the word ‘cause’ never occurs …. The Law of Causality, I believe, like much that passes among philosophers, is a relic of a by-gone age, surviving like the monarchy, only because it is erroneously supposed to do no harm.”—Bertrand Russell (1928)Causality is an invention of the formal reason, a product of philosophers and scientists. As an idea, however, “cause” finds its basis in ordinary experience. Objects move. How? By being acted upon by other objects or by human agency; exert a pull here, create an effect there. In the world of experience unrefined by science or philosophy, it sometimes seems as if every thing is connected in some way with every other thing, all are parts in a cosmic puppet show. A simple string model appears natural and true and is a prototype of common-sense notions of causality. Even in science, at least until recently, such notions were given expression as well. The string model, for instance, was to be found equally in the simplest interpretations of Newtonian mechanics as in the implicit theories of the carpenter, the plumber, or the agriculturist. Particles exist and forces act between them as causes, producing change. The very idea of force introduces a feeling of compulsion and the causal connection between events seems a physical necessity, reinforcing the lessons taught by every-day experience.

scholarly journals Energy and Symmetry in Language and Yoga

Leonardo ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Hess ◽  
Donna Jo Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Symmetric Structure ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
Cognitive Preference ◽  
Physical Necessity

The structures of syllables and of yoga poses are compared. Syllables are tripartite, with sound segments rising in sonority (acoustic energy) to a peak, then falling. Likewise, asanas are tripartite, with symmetrical movements flanking the sustaining, vital energy peak. In both entities, then, symmetric structure flanks energy peaks. This organization is not a physical necessity, but a cognitive preference.

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