Deontic Tense Logic With Historical Necessity, Frame Constants, and a Solution to the Epistemic Obligation Paradox (The “Knower”)

Theoria ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Åqvist
Keyword(s):  
Tense Logic ◽  
Epistemic Obligation ◽  
Historical Necessity

scholarly journals Epistemic Obligations of the Laity

Episteme ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Boyd Millar
Keyword(s):  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Standard Assumption ◽  
Scientific Issue ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Epistemic Obligation ◽  
Doxastic Attitudes ◽  
Epistemic Obligations

Abstract Very often when the vast majority of experts agree on some scientific issue, laypeople nonetheless regularly consume articles, videos, lectures, etc., the principal claims of which are inconsistent with the expert consensus. Moreover, it is standardly assumed that it is entirely appropriate, and perhaps even obligatory, for laypeople to consume such anti-consensus material. I maintain that this standard assumption gets things backwards. Each of us is particularly vulnerable to false claims when we are not experts on some topic – such falsehoods have systematic negative impacts on our doxastic attitudes that we can neither prevent nor correct. So, when there is clear expert consensus on a given scientific issue, while it is permissible for experts to consume anti-consensus material, laypeople have an epistemic obligation to avoid such material. This argument has important consequences for philosophical discussions of our epistemic obligations to perform or omit belief-influencing actions. Such discussions typically abstract away from the important differences between experts and laypeople. Accordingly, we should reject this typical practice as problematic, and insist instead that laypeople and experts have fundamentally different epistemic obligations.

Reduction of tense logic to modal logic II

Theoria ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. THOMASON
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Tense Logic

Reichenbach, Prior and hybrid tense logic

Synthese ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
pp. 3677-3689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Blackburn ◽  
Klaus Frovin Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Tense Logic

The System Kt of Minimal Tense Logic

1971 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rescher ◽  
Alasdair Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Tense Logic

If Counterfactuals Were Excluded from Historical Reasoning . . .

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemima Ben-Menahem
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Historical Reasoning ◽  
Difference Making ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Historical Necessity

The argument of this paper is that counterfactuals are indispensable in reasoning in general and historical reasoning in particular. It illustrates the role of counterfactuals in the study of history and explores the connection between counterfactuals and the notions of historical necessity and contingency. Entertaining alternatives to the actual course of events is conducive to the assessment of the relative weight and impact of the various factors that combine to bring about a certain result. Counterfactuals are essentially involved in understanding what it means for an event, an action, or an individual to make a difference. Making a difference, in turn, is shown to be a central category of historical reasoning. Counterfactuals, though sensitive to the description they use, make objective claims that can be confirmed or disconfirmed by evidence.

Partial and paraconsistent approaches to future contingents in tense logic

Synthese ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
pp. 3639-3649
Author(s):  
Seiki Akama ◽  
Tetsuya Murai ◽  
Yasuo Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Tense Logic ◽  
Future Contingents

scholarly journals New Dzungaria Gates for wmlt-corridor: historical necessity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Bogachev ◽  
Yuri A. Terentyev ◽  
Viktor V. Koledov ◽  
Taras V. Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Variational Methods ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The North ◽  
Computer Math ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Historical Necessity ◽  
North Western

Background: Research is ongoing relating to the analysis of a set of issues that arise in connection with the creation of the operating on the basis of vacuum magnetic technologies a transcontinental high-speed land transport corridor, connecting the eastern regions of China with Russia. As part of the variation calculus task, the geopolitical, economic, social, logistic, geographic, geomorphological, seismological, topographic components of the project are considered, in which it is assumed that the high speed overland route will pass through the north-western part of the historical region of Dzungaria. Aim: Find the most optimal from the point of view of the above components the location of the most important section of high speed overland route passing through Central Asia. Methods: Variational methods for solving an optimization problem with the use of a computer math system. Results: After creating a fairly informative and versatile picture of the region in question, the foundations of the corresponding mathematical models are built. Conclusion: The New Dzungarian Gates is a key element in choosing the location of a high-speed overland route based on VMLT.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATION SKILLS AS A KEY TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Palle Manohar ◽  
G. Chenna Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Historical Necessity

The postmodern phenomenon of globalization has launched digitalization as an outcome and the part of communication technologies by which the world has been brought together transcending the barriers of countries and cultures. The increase of global trade and the necessity of close and interlinked association among the nations at various stages of development have become imperative today as a historical necessity for future survival. Communication skills, especially in English, have become a crucial ingredient in all most all activities of life as communication channels are the arteries through which information flows and circulates to sustain any activity without disruption. Besides, to that the growth of coordination and collaborative activities in all spheres of life both public and private. Acquisition of and master over communication skills are the intellectual tools by which one’s competence is measured and career is enhanced. In the age of specialization and hierarchal structures of large organizations, communication is the link connecting and synergizing all activities and ability to communicate clearly and effectively is of immeasurable significance, to assume an important place in any organization. Every field of activity has its own specific vocabulary, specialized jargon and modes of communication which should be mastered by all participants to maintain the overall activity, especially in the age of digitalization. To rise effectively in one’s career and contribute satisfactorily and successfully, special packages of communication skills should be designed and imparted to all potential candidates who are ambitious of to rise high in one’s career. The inauguration of digital age made it both convenient to choose ones place and time for learning and also challenging as to how to utilize the recent technologies to enhance and extend ones communicative reach to become successful in one’s career. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various programs and strategies of communication necessary to enhance ones career prospects by training the participants to equip themselves with right competitive communication skills in tandem with contemporary digital technology available.

scholarly journals Arthur Prior A ‘Young Progressive’ Letters to Ursula Bethell and to Hugh Teague 1936-1941.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Temporal Logic ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Tense Logic ◽  
Arthur Prior ◽  
The World ◽  
Rural Township

Arthur Prior is scarcely a household name in New Zealand, but in some respects his story repeats a narrative we like to think of as quintessentially Kiwi—that of the small town boy who ‘makes it’ on the world stage. Born and raised in the rural township of Masterton in 1914, Prior became a leading philosopher of the 20th century, feted for his invention of tense logic (or temporal logic as it is now called), invited by no less a figure than Gilbert Ryle to deliver the prestigious John Locke lectures in Oxford in 1956, offered a Chair in Philosophy at Manchester in 1958, then a Fellowship at Balliol College, Oxford, in 1966. Tragically, he died at the relatively young age of 54, but he remains one of the central figures in the development of logic in the 20th century.

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