scholarly journals Risk assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in free‐ranging wild animals in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Logeot ◽  
Axel Mauroy ◽  
Etienne Thiry ◽  
Nick De Regge ◽  
Muriel Vervaeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Molecular Survey of Tick-Borne Pathogens Reveals Diversity and Novel Organisms With Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Wildlife From a National Nature Reserve of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifei Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Zhijie Liu ◽  
Qingli Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Free Ranging

Wildlife is involved in the maintenance and transmission of various tick-borne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence and diversity of tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging wild animals collected from Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve of China. Blood or liver samples from 13 wild animals (5 takin, 3 Himalayan goral, 3 Reeves' muntjac, 1 forest musk deer, and 1 wild boar) were collected and screened for piroplasm, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae by PCR-based on different gene loci. Three Theileria species, a potential novel Theileria parasite (Theileria sp. T4) and two Anaplasma species were identified in those wildlife. Theileria capreoli was found in Himalayan goral, Reeves' muntjac, and forest musk deer; Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria uilenbergi, and a potential novel, Theileria parasite (Theileria sp. T4), were identified in takin. Meanwhile, Anaplasma bovis was identified in Himalayan goral, takin, Reeves' muntjac, forest musk deer, and wild boar; Anaplasma phagocytophilum and related strains was found in takin, Reeves' muntjac, and forest musk deer. All wildlife included in this study was negative for Babesia, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia, and SFG rickettsiae. Moreover, coinfection involving Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. was observed in eight wild animals. This study provided the first evidence of tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging wild animals from the nature reserve, where contact between domestic and wild animals rarely occurs.

scholarly journals Unprecedented account of mortality and morbidity in free ranging Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Ching-Min Sun ◽  
Bharti Arora ◽  
Jing-Shiun Lin ◽  
Wen-Chi Lin ◽  
Meng-Jou Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Manis Pentadactyla ◽  
Rescue Center ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractGlobally, pangolins are overt for poaching and illegal trade, but Taiwan projects totally a contrary image where their population is stable and increasing. This paper illustrated the factors responsible for causing mortality and morbidity in free ranging Formosan pangolin (M. pentadactyla pentadactyla). Results from radio-tracking showed that Formosan pangolins are highly susceptible to stuck in tree hallows or ground burrows despite being proficient burrowers, and killed by gin traps, especially during the dryer season. Whilst the data consolidated from the Pingtung Rescue Center for Endangered Wild Animals illustrated the trauma (73.0%) was the major reason of causing morbidity in Formosan pangolin. The gin traps were the leading cause of trauma (77.8%) along with tail injuries caused by dog attack (20.4%). Despite all the pressing data about the injuries Taiwan, it is able to establish substantial success rate in rescuing and releasing pangolins through consolidating and applying valuable information among the rescue centers in the span of two decades. Taiwan has made a phenomenal progress in sustaining a salubrious population of pangolin but the situation requires continuous examination to ensure the existence of this species on the island.

Reassertion of the Park Ideal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alice Watt ◽  
David Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
National Park ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Point Reyes ◽  
Tule Elk ◽  
Free Ranging

This chapter chronicles how the PRNS has continued to steer management toward the national park ideal of scenic wild-yet-managed nature, despite giving more attention to cultural resources, as well as making official statements about the value of the area's ranching history. This can particularly be seen playing out in the Seashore's natural resource projects and plans since 1995. Moreover, these efforts to create a more wild and natural landscape have often come at the expense of the working ranches. This trend is most clearly reflected in the reintroduction of tule elk to Point Reyes, which have spread onto the pastoral zone and are now threatening the long-term viability of several historic ranches. The NPS's lack of action to counter the effects of free-ranging elk on ranch operations seems based in idealizations of both wilderness and wild animals as requiring hands-off management.

scholarly journals Vector-borne zoonotic blood parasites in wildlife from Ecuador: A report and systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1935-1945
Author(s):  
Eduardo Diaz ◽  
Anahi Hidalgo ◽  
Carla Villamarin ◽  
Gustavo Donoso ◽  
Veronica Barragan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Free Ranging

Background and Aim: Ecuador is a hugely diverse country, but information on infectious diseases in local wild animals is scarce. The aim of this study was to screen the presence of blood parasites in free-ranging wild animals admitted to the Wildlife Hospital at Universidad San Francisco de Quito, from April 2012 to January 2019. Materials and Methods: We identified blood parasites by microscopic observation of blood smears from free-ranging wildlife species that attended the Wildlife Hospital of Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador) from April 2012 to January 2019. Results: The microscopic evaluations of animals as potential reservoirs for vector-borne zoonotic blood parasites revealed the presence of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Hepatozoon spp., microfilaria, Mycoplasma spp., and Trypanosoma spp. in previously unreported wildlife species. In addition, we performed a systematic review to understand the current knowledge gaps in the context of these findings. Conclusion: Our data contribute to the knowledge of blood parasites in wildlife from Ecuador. Furthermore, the potential transmission of these parasites to humans and domestic animals, current anthropogenic environmental changes in the region, and the lack of information on this suggest the importance of our results and warrant further investigations on infectious diseases in animals and humans and their relationship with environmental health as key domains of the One Health concept.

scholarly journals Parasite and predator risk assessment: nuanced use of olfactory cues

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1817) ◽  
pp. 20151941 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Sharp ◽  
Sarah Garnick ◽  
Mark A. Elgar ◽  
Graeme Coulson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Predator Risk ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Free Ranging

Foraging herbivores face twin threats of predation and parasite infection, but the risk of predation has received much more attention. We evaluated, experimentally, the role of olfactory cues in predator and parasite risk assessment on the foraging behaviour of a population of marked, free-ranging, red-necked wallabies ( Macropus rufogriseus ). The wallabies adjusted their behaviour according to these olfactory cues. They foraged less, were more vigilant and spent less time at feeders placed in the vicinity of faeces from dogs that had consumed wallaby or kangaroo meat compared with that of dogs feeding on sheep, rabbit or possum meat. Wallabies also showed a species-specific faecal aversion by consuming less food from feeders contaminated with wallaby faeces compared with sympatric kangaroo faeces, whose gastrointestinal parasite fauna differs from that of the wallabies. Combining both parasite and predation cues in a single field experiment revealed that these risks had an additive effect, rather than the wallabies compromising their response to one risk at the expense of the other.

scholarly journals Growing Significance of Mycobacterium bovis in Human Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pal ◽  
Nigusa Zenebe ◽  
Md Tanvir Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Developed World

Tuberculosis is one of the most wide spread highly infectious bacterial zoonotic diseases, and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the world particularly in the developing nations. Mycobacterium bovis and closely associated acid fast bacilli cause disease in humans and animals. Humans can be infected with M. bovis where cattle act as the principal reservoir. Air borne infections continue to occur among the persons working in the meat industry, slaughterhouses, and in persons living in close physical contact with infected animals.M. bovis infection is recognized as an occupational hazard to abattoir workers, livestock handlers and veterinarians. The main cause of concern related to M. bovis in industrialized counties are epizootics nature of the disease in domesticated and wild animals. In addition, latent infection in immigrants particularly in HIV infected patients are also a big issue in developed world, since those people could be the potential source of TB for other people. The reemergence of M. bovis infection in captive and free-ranging wild animals, with subsequent transmission to domestic animals, is of concern to livestock producers and regulatory officials. As wild animals represent major reservoir of tuberculosis bacilli, it is imperative to investigate the role of wild animals in transmission dynamics of M. bovis infection. Further studies on the molecular epidemiology and development of safe, cheap and potent drugs to mitigate tuberculosis in highly susceptible population particularly in HIV/AIDS patients is emphasized. In addition, multidisciplinary approaches such as ‘One Health’ that comprise professionals from medical science, veterinary medicine and wildlife etc. are essential to take measures to control this devastating bacterial zoonosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v3i1.19779 Microbes and Health, June 2014. 3(1): 29-34

scholarly journals Pesticide risk assessment in free-ranging bees is weather and landscape dependent

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Henry ◽  
Colette Bertrand ◽  
Violette Le Féon ◽  
Fabrice Requier ◽  
Jean-François Odoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Risk Assessment ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Scabies Control in Free-Ranging Elk

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Alexandra Muschenheim
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Free Ranging

The Objective of this study using free-ranging elk and a related study using captive elk was to test the efficacy and safety of a new parasiticide, ivermectin, for the control of psoroptic scabies in elk. Scabies is a disease caused by mites of the genus Psoroptes which pierce the epidermis of the host and feed on lymph. Infected areas become heavily encrusted with exudate, and scabs and hair are eventually shed (Tarry, 1974). Scabies results in hair, fluid, and heat loss; ear canal occlusion; secondary infections; decreased weight gain; and mortality in domestic and wild animals (Tarry 1974, Colwell and Dunlap 1975, Lange et al. 1980, Fisher and Wright 1981). Scabies (Psoroptes cervinus) has long been known to occur in elk ( Cervus elaphus) of the Jackson Hole herd (Murie, 1951; Honess, 1982). Severe infestation is most common in mature bulls and it is a major cause of winter mortality in this sex and age class (Smith 1985). Effective treatment of scabies in wild animals has not been practical. Conventional techniques used on domestic animals involve dipping in antiparasitic chemicals. A relatively new parasiticide, ivermectin (22, 23 dihydroavermectin B1), has shown promise for treating domestic and wild animals (Egerton, et al., 1980). Ivermectin is a broad spectrum antiparasitic agent which acts upon nematodes and arthropods and has a wide range between therapeutic and toxic dose in most animals (Campbell and Benz, 1984). Successful completion of this project will likely demonstrate a technique to save the lives of scabies infested bull elk; more importantly, it may demonstrate a method for controlling scabies in elk.

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