H9N2 influenza virus spillover into wild birds from poultry in China bind to human‐type receptors and transmit in mammals via respiratory droplets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghai Zhang ◽  
Yuanguo Li ◽  
Song Jin ◽  
Tiecheng Wang ◽  
Weiyang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

scholarly journals Overview of the Epidemiological Situation on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Russia in 2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Marchenko ◽  
N. I. Goncharova ◽  
V. A. Evseenko ◽  
I. M. Susloparov ◽  
E. V. Gavrilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Avian Flu ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Analyzed was modern epidemiological situation on highly pathogenic avian flu in 2018. Prognosis for possible further distribution of viruses in the territory of Russia was made. In 2018, the situation on highly pathogenic avian flu in Russia was challenging. This was due to the spread of the viruses clade 2.3.4.4, which caused multiple outbreaks among wild birds and poultry in European part of Russia. In addition, A/H5N6 avian influenza virus circulation was for the first time detected in the Saratov Region during routine avian influenza virus surveillance. In May, 2018 two different lineages of avian influenza A/H9N2 were isolated during the outbreaks that occurred at several poultry plants in Primorsk Territory and Amur Region of Russia. Subsequently, that virus subtype continued spreading in Russia, which was recorded by detection of the A/H9N2 influenza virus in wild birds in the Khabarovsk and Tomsk Regions of Russia. Thus, it is shown yet again that the territory of Russia plays an  important geographical role in the spread of avian influenza viruses.

scholarly journals Landscape effects and spatial patterns of avian influenza virus in Danish wild birds, 2006‐2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Jung Kjær ◽  
Charlotte Kristiane Hjulsager ◽  
Lars Erik Larsen ◽  
Anette Ella Boklund ◽  
Tariq Halasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Landscape Effects

scholarly journals Identification of key residues involved in the neuraminidase antigenic variation of H9N2 influenza virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Jinsen Wu ◽  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Zhimin Wan ◽  
Hongxia Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
Key Residues

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel H9N2 Influenza Virus in Korean Native Chicken Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e68-e69
Author(s):  
Yu-Na Lee ◽  
Dong-Hun Lee ◽  
Jae-Keun Park ◽  
Tea-Hyun Lim ◽  
Ha-Na Youn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Chicken Farm ◽  
Korean Native Chicken

scholarly journals A PB1-K577E Mutation in H9N2 Influenza Virus Increases Polymerase Activity and Pathogenicity in Mice

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Kamiki ◽  
Hiromichi Matsugo ◽  
Tomoya Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroho Ishida ◽  
Akiko Takenaka-Uema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H9n2 Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
H9n2 Influenza Virus ◽  
Pathogenicity Determinant ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Human Infections

H9N2 avian influenza viruses are present in poultry worldwide. These viruses are considered to have pandemic potential, because recent isolates can recognize human-type receptor and several sporadic human infections have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify mutations related to mammalian adaptation of H9N2 influenza virus. We found that mouse-adapted viruses had several mutations in hemagglutinin (HA), PB2, PA, and PB1. Among the detected mutations, PB1-K577E was a novel mutation that had not been previously reported to involve mammalian adaptation. A recombinant H9N2 virus bearing only the PB1-K577E mutation showed enhanced pathogenicity in mice, with increased virus titers in nasal turbinates compared to that in mice infected with the wild-type virus. In addition, the PB1-K577E mutation increased virus polymerase activity in human cell culture at a lower temperature. These data suggest that the PB1-K577E mutation is a novel pathogenicity determinant of H9N2 virus in mice and could be a signature for mammalian adaptation.

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