Can improving animal health and biosecurity knowledge of para‐veterinarians in Cambodia assist in addressing challenges in smallholder livestock farming?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel B. J. MacPhillamy ◽  
James R. Young ◽  
Sau Vitou ◽  
Hok Chanphalleap ◽  
Suon Sothoeun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Livestock Farming

scholarly journals Role of probiotics in nutrition and health of small ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Abd El-Tawab ◽  
I.M.I. Youssef ◽  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
G.C. Fthenakis ◽  
N.D. Giadinis
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Research On Application

AbstractSmall ruminants represent an important economic source in small farm systems and agriculture. Feed is the main component of livestock farming, which has gained special attention to improve animal performance. Many studies have been done to improve feed utilisation through addition of feed additives. For a long period, antibiotics have been widely used as growth promoters in livestock diets. Due to their ban in many countries, search for alternative feed additives has been intensified. Probiotics are one of these alternatives recognised to be safe to the animals. Use of probiotics in small ruminant nutrition has been confirmed to improve animal health, productivity and immunity. Probiotics improved growth performance through enhancing of rumen microbial ecosystem, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion rate. Moreover, probiotics have been reported to stabilise rumen pH, increase volatile fatty acids production and to stimulate lactic acid utilising protozoa, resulting in a highly efficient rumen function. Furthermore, use of probiotics has been found to increase milk production and can reduce incidence of neonatal diarrhea and mortality. However, actual mechanisms through which probiotics exert these functions are not known. Since research on application of probiotics in small ruminants is scarce, the present review attempts to discuss the potential roles of this class of feed additives on productive performance and health status of these animals.

scholarly journals Animal Health Challenges and Veterinary Aspects of Organic Livestock Farming Identified Through a 3 Year EU Network Project

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Vaarst ◽  
Susanne Padel ◽  
David Younie ◽  
Malla Hovi ◽  
Albert Sundrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Network Project

scholarly journals Modelling to support health programs in modern livestock farming.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
A.A. Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Positive Approach ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Use Of Models ◽  
Health Programmes

The application of herd health programmes in livestock farming is rarely an all-or-nothing affair. Usually several control measures are available, but none is ideal. The use of models in optimizing the application of herd health programmes is on the increase. Two broad categories of models have been reviewed: (1) statistical/sepidemiological models used for direct evaluation of any programme actually carried out (positive approach); and (2) economic models used for predicting the profitability of specific measures or programmes (normative approach). Priorities for further research in the field of animal health economics are also discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Organic Livestock Production: A Bibliometric Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Manuelian ◽  
Mauro Penasa ◽  
Luciana da Costa ◽  
Sara Burbi ◽  
Federico Righi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Organic Livestock Production

Due to the increasing interest in organic farming, an overview of this research area is provided through a bibliometric analysis conducted between April and May 2019. A total of 320 documents were published up until 2018 on organic livestock farming, with an annual growth rate of 9.33% and a clear increase since 2005; 268 documents have been published in 111 journals. Germany is the country with the largest number of published papers (56 documents). Authors’ top keywords (excluding keywords used for running the search) included: animal welfare (29 times), animal health (22 times), cattle (15 times), grazing (10 times), and sheep (10 times). This could indicate that more research has been done on cattle because of the importance of this species in Germany. Moreover, the prevalence of the terms ‘animal welfare’ and ‘animal health’ may indicate that the research on organic livestock production has been focused on these two areas. The bibliometric analysis indicates that: (i) countries focused the organic livestock production research on their main production, and (ii) more research in species other than cattle and sheep is needed.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Sheep Farmer’s Characteristics with the Animal and Environmental Health Management Practices in Batur Village, Banjarnegara, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Alek Ibrahim ◽  
Deny Setyo Wibowo ◽  
I Gede Suparta Budisatria ◽  
Rini Widayanti ◽  
Wayan Tunas Artama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Low Level

The success of animal husbandry is supported by good animal and environmental health management practices. This study examined the correlation between the sheep farmer’s characteristics and the animal and environmental health management practices. The data collected by direct interviews with 48 respondents in Batur Village, Banjarnegara. Indonesia. The aspects of animal (exercise, grooming, wool shearing, supplement feeding, and water drinking) and environmental (sheepfold sanitation, waste processing, and waste removal) health management practices were divided into three categories, namely low, medium, and high levels. The results showed that 83.3% of respondents were in the low-level following by medium (14.6%) and high (2.1%) levels of animal health management. Furthermore, on the environmental health management shows, 27.1% of respondents were in the low level, 60.4% in the medium level, and 12.5% in the high level. There was a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics (informal education, livestock farming experience, and the number of sheep) and animal health management practice. A significant relationship was also shown between formal education, livestock purpose, livestock experience, and number of sheep by farmers toward environmental health management practice. It may conclude that the low and medium levels of animal and environmental health management practices were dominant in Batur Village.

scholarly journals Livestock production systems in the marginal upland and lowland areas of Inopacan Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines

2014 ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Warren Come ◽  
Philippine Dianne Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Agricultural Income

The study was conducted to obtain a baseline data of different livestock production systems, vegetation survey and animal environment interactions in the marginal upland in Eastern Visayas. A total of 280 farmer respondents were interviewed using an interview questionnaire. Vegetation species were gathered and validated with its genus and species group. Animal environment interactions particularly with chicken were also assessed. Results showed that chickens were the dominant species present in the study sites compared to other species. But in terms of total livestock units (TLU), buffaloes have higher TLU compared to other species of animals. Farmer’s income is mostly from the agricultural income with less than 20% of agricultural income was obtained from livestock farming. Livestock only serves as buffer income incase crops will fail. Different husbandry systems are used by the farmers such as free range system for chicken, ducks and turkeys while pigs are raised in confinement or caged system. Ruminant productions are raised in a tethering system of production. Natural breeding practice is still practiced by farmers and traditional animal health practices are still evident in this marginal upland. Ruminants graze in different vegetation diversity in grasslands and under the coconut trees. Likewise, plant residues of banana, coconut and root crops are also used as feed resources of farmer respondents. Grass and herb species that are palatable to the animals are diverse also especially in grassland areas. Availability of feed resources in the area plays a crucial role also on how animals interact with the environment and may affect also with their feeding behavior when there are changes in the climatic conditions. Preliminary result of the study on animal environment interaction shows that chickens tend to change their feeding itineraries due to availability of feed resources, environmental temperature and rainfall.

scholarly journals Pork production and consumption issues from the perspective of the religion and the World's growing population

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Viktoria Vida ◽  
István Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Pork Consumption

In this article we would like to present the production and consumption issues of pork meat in the world. We intend to examine the production and consumption of pork meat from the point of view of the population. The growing population of the world requires an increasing amount of food, especially animal source of protein, ie meat. We want to examine how the world can supply the growing population with food, including (pork) meat. The growing population generates ever-increasing consumption from year to year, and may not be able to satisfy it, adequately supplying the population with food, especially (pork) meat. Livestock farming, especially extensive animal husbandry, will be less able to produce sufficient quantities of meat for the growing needs. During the analysis of food (meat) data we would like to present the difference between each continent on both the production and the consumption side. Examining the pork consumption, it should be mentioned the differences in the cultural habits, because the pork meat is the most affected in religious restrictions, regulations. The religious affiliation/identity is basically determined by the food and consumer habits, too. Due to the differences in dietary habits and religious culture, we think that the consumption of pork can be highly variable in the world and from country to country as well. In general, we would like to answer questions about how the world (pork) meat production is going, is the meat consumed in the countries where it is produced (export – import issues), what are the factors that influence (pork) meat consumption (culture and religion impact on pork consumption, animal health issues), and is there enough (pork) meat for the world's growing population. JEL code: P46, Q18, Q56

scholarly journals The sanitation of farm animal manure from parasites

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
G. THEODOROPOULOS (Γ. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms

The farming of animals results in the production of considerable amounts of manure. According to the decision 96/103/EC of the European Community Commission "manure means any excrement and/or urine of cloven-hoofed animals, equidae and/or poultry, with or without litter". While manure was considered in the past as a valuable medium for fertilising farm lands, today it is considered mosdy as a waste. The reasons for this change of perception is the low cost of chemical fertilisers today and the intensification of livestock farming, where a large number of animals or poultry are raised in a limited space resulting in severe problems of manure management. The accumulation of manure in animal and poultry farms may be a source of transmissible infections and a reason for environmental degradation. For this reason, various methods have been developed that make animal manure hygienically and environmentally safe. In addition, a legal framework, governing the management and disposal of manure at the national and European level has been established. Pathogenic parasites that have been found in slurry of bovines are oocysts of Eimeria sp., eggs of Trichostrongyloidea, Strongyloides sp., Oesophagsotomum sp., Dictyocaulus sp., Trichuris sp., Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Moniezia sp., Fasciola sp., and Toxocara vitulomm. Pathogenic parasites that have been found in slurry of swine are oocysts of Eimeria sp., cysts of Balantidium coli and eggs of Ascaris sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Strongyloides sp., Hyostrongylus sp., Trichuris sp. and Fasciola sp.. Parasites that have been isolated in manure of poultry are Eimeria sp., Histomonas sp., Ascaridia sp., Heterakis sp. and Capillaria sp.. Generally, parasitic eggs are protected from environmental conditions by their shell, but very few of them can survive in slurry for more than 85 days. The parasitic diseases that are transmitted by manure to animals and poultry may be due to protozoa, such as coccidiosis and balantidiosis or helminths, such as ascariosis, ancylostomiosis and trichurosis. The pathogenic parasitic organisms found in manure have different levels of resistance to various environmental factors and their infectivity may persist from some days to weeks or even to many years. Therefore, it is not certain that the mere storage of manure will result in its sanitation. For this reason, various sanitation methods of manure are used. The aerobic digestion results in temperature elevation and sanitation of manure. The parasitic eggs and larvae are not inactivated at these temperatures, but the storage of manure for 2 months secures the inactivation of all parasites. During storage of liquid manure, the temperature that is developed is not high and for this reason the pathogenic organisms survive for a long time period. On the other hand, the presence of urine in liquid manure reduces the survival of pathogenic organisms due to the detrimental effect of pH. The higher the pH, the shorter their survival time is. Studies on the disinfecting activity of anaerobic digesters have shown that oocysts of Eimeria. tenella are inactivated19, while encysted larvae of Trichinella, spiralis are still infective after 16 days. The sanitation physical methods that have been used are high temperatures drying, electro-chemical methods, sound waves and ultraviolet or radioactive waves. Thermal processing (pasteurisation) at 70°C for 30-60 min. is used in some European countries, such as Germany and Switzerland for liquid manures used as fertiliser on grasslands during summer months. With this method the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica 50 °C after 5 min. and the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides are destroyed at 50°C after 5 min. and at 55°C after 7 min. Satisfactory sanitation is achieved also by drying and radioactive radiation with Co60 at a dose of 0,3-0,4 Mrad. The advantages of sanitation with radiation are the constant quality of the result in contrast to the biological sanitation, which is not constant, the fewer breakdowns of the equipment in contrast to the thermal method, the simple operation of the installation and the lower energy demands compared to the thermal method. However, all these methods are still experimental and are not used in practice for the sanitation of manure. The legislation of 26-3-1936 stipulates that, in case of emergence of a disease of mandatory declaration, manures should be burned or disinfected with the use of a disinfectant, unless the nature of the disease mandates the use of a special disinfectant, following the decree of the veterinary administration of the perfecture (Article 17). The decision 96/103/EC of the European Communities governs the trade and import of manure in the country members of the E.U. Generally, the trade and import of unprocessed manure of species other than poultry or equidae is prohibited, apart from certain exceptions. The trade and import of unprocessed manure of equidae is not subject to any animal health condition. The trade and import of processed manure and processed manure products is allowed subject to certain hygienic restrictions. In none of the above cases parasites are a reason for hygienic restriction.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of COVID 19 on Livestock Production, Market Value Chain and Health Practices at Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geremew Haile ◽  
Eyob Hirpa ◽  
Morka Amante ◽  
Lema Yimer ◽  
Walkite Furgasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Market Value Chain ◽  
Animal Health Services

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a newly discovered strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) around the end of December 2019, has had a significant impact on many sectors at global, regional and national levels, including the livestock sector. A questionnaire survey and observational study were carried out from September 2020 to November 2020 with the aim of assessing the impacts of COVID 19 crisis on livestock farming practices, market value chain, animal health care services and human perception towards consumption of livestock products in selected districts of East Wollega zone. Small scale farmers, abattoirs workers, consumers, private sectors involved in the production, processing and distribution of livestock products, hotel owners and veterinarians were purposively selected for this study. According to the present survey the pandemic's has had negative impact on livestock production, market value chain and animal health care practices. Based on the survey 365 (91.25%) respondents agreed as the pandemic was the major challenge on livestock farming practices. The assessment shows that COVID 19 created worst 270 (67.5%) and high impact 75 (18.75%) while about 17 (4%) respondents said the disease has little impact. The major reason mentioned were measures taken by the government such as lockdown, economic decline, low number of manpower due to calls to stay at home and social distance. Observational study indicated that dairy shops, meat shops, and local abattoirs, hotels and restaurants were totally/partially closed especially during the first 6 months of the pandemic. The average monthly income from livestock and their products showed about 60.93% shortfalls (from 1,130,500 birr to 688,800 birr). With regard to consumer perception there was low demand for livestock products such as meat and dairy products and about 164 (41%) respondents were avoiding the consumption of animal-sourced foods mainly due to the perceived disease risk. Regarding animal health services, about 89.75% (365/400) respondents agreed as COVID 19 has indirect impact on the health of animals. The most important animal health constraints during this pandemic were unusual preventive practices such as vaccination and deworming, scarcity of drugs at veterinary clinic, low number of veterinarians and inability to cover cost of drugs and personnel. The present study suggest that the pandemic's impact on the livestock production, product supply chain and animal health services might be continue which will have significant effect on the sustainability of livestock production systems and contribution of livestock subsectors on the house hold and national economy and global food security. It is therefore, essential that the government and other concerned body should give attention to the livestock sector to mitigate the impacts of the disease.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Precision Livestock Farming in the Poultry Sector: Is Technology Focussed on Improving Bird Welfare?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowe ◽  
Dawkins ◽  
Gebhardt-Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Precision Livestock Farming ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Future Work

Precision livestock farming (PLF) systems have the potential to improve animal welfare through providing a continuous picture of welfare states in real time and enabling fast interventions that benefit the current flock. However, it remains unclear whether the goal of PLF development has been to improve welfare or increase production efficiency. The aims of this systematic literature review are to provide an overview of the current state of PLF in poultry farming and investigate whether the focus of PLF research has been to improve bird welfare. The study characteristics extracted from 264 peer-reviewed publications and conference proceedings suggest that poultry PLF has received increasing attention on a global scale, but is yet to become a widespread commercial reality. PLF development has most commonly focussed on broiler farming, followed by laying hens, and mainly involves the use of sensors (environmental and wearable) and cameras. More publications had animal health and welfare than production as either one of or the only goal, suggesting that PLF development so far has focussed on improving animal health and welfare. Future work should prioritise improving the rate of commercialisation of PLF systems, so that their potential to improve bird welfare might be realised.

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