Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 diversity: Identification of a novel HEV subtype in wild boar in Central Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Pierini ◽  
Ilaria Di Bartolo ◽  
Elisabetta Manuali ◽  
Silvia Pirani ◽  
Moira Bazzucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3

DETECTION AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS GENOTYPE 3 IN A CAPTIVE WILD BOAR IN THAILAND

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuwat Wiratsudakul ◽  
Ladawan Sariya ◽  
Phirom Prompiram ◽  
Siriporn Tantawet ◽  
Duangkhamol Suraruangchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization

scholarly journals Cell Culture Isolation and Whole Genome Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus Strains from Wild Boars in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Katja Schilling-Loeffler ◽  
Oliver Viera-Segura ◽  
Victor Max Corman ◽  
Julia Schneider ◽  
Ashish K. Gadicherla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enriched Library ◽  
Genome Copy ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Cell Culture Isolation

Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. The HEV genotype 3 can be zoonotically transmitted from animals to humans, with wild boars representing an important reservoir species. Cell culture isolation of HEV is generally difficult and mainly described for human isolates so far. Here, five sera and five liver samples from HEV-RNA-positive wild boar samples were inoculated onto PLC/PRF/5 cells, incubated for 3 months and thereafter passaged for additional 6 weeks. As demonstrated by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy, virus was successfully isolated from two liver samples, which originally contained high HEV genome copy numbers. Both isolates showed slower growth than the culture-adapted HEV strain 47832c. In contrast to this strain, the isolated strains had no insertions in their hypervariable genome region. Next generation sequencing using an HEV sequence-enriched library enabled full genome sequencing. Strain Wb108/17 belongs to subtype 3f and strain Wb257/17 to a tentative novel subtype recently described in Italian wild boars. The results indicate that HEV can be successfully isolated in cell culture from wild boar samples containing high HEV genome copy numbers. The isolates may be used further to study the zoonotic potential of wild boar-derived HEV subtypes.

scholarly journals High levels of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar hunted for domestic consumption in Central Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P De Santis ◽  
S Di Pasquale ◽  
G La Rosa ◽  
D De Medici ◽  
G Micarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Domestic Consumption

Quantification and genetic diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted for domestic consumption in Central Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Di Pasquale ◽  
Paola De Santis ◽  
Giuseppina La Rosa ◽  
Kevin Di Domenico ◽  
Marcello Iaconelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Domestic Consumption

Susceptibility of Pigs to Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Isolated from a Wild Boar

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thiry ◽  
N. Rose ◽  
A. Mauroy ◽  
F. Paboeuf ◽  
L. Dams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype

scholarly journals High prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus antibodies among blood donors in central Italy, February to March 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lucarelli ◽  
Enea Spada ◽  
Gloria Taliani ◽  
Paola Chionne ◽  
Elisabetta Madonna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Prevalence Rate Ratio

Prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies is highly variable in developed countries, which seems partly due to differences in assay sensitivity. Using validated sensitive assays, we tested 313 blood donors attending a hospital transfusion unit in central Italy in January and February 2014 for anti-HEV IgG and IgM and HEV RNA. Data on HEV exposure were collected from all donors. Overall anti-HEV IgG prevalence was 49% (153/313). Eating raw dried pig-liver sausage was the only independent predictor of HEV infection (adjusted prevalence rate ratio = 2.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–3.74). Three donors were positive for either anti-HEV IgM (n = 2; 0.6%) or HEV RNA (n = 2; 0.6%); they were completely asymptomatic, without alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities. Of the two HEV RNA-positive donors (both harbouring genotype 3), one was anti-HEV IgG- and IgM-positive, the other was anti-HEV IgG- and IgM-negative. The third donor was positive for anti-HEV IgG and IgM but HEV RNA-negative. HEV infection is therefore hyperendemic among blood donors (80% men 18–64 years-old) from central Italy and associated with local dietary habits. Nearly 1% of donors have acute or recent infection, implying potential transmission to blood recipients. Neither ALT nor anti-HEV IgM testing seems useful to prevent transfusion-transmitted HEV infection.

scholarly journals Geographical restriction of Hepatitis E virus circulation in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bonardi ◽  
Virginia Filipello ◽  
Enrico Pavoni ◽  
Valentina Carta ◽  
Luca Bolzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a singlestrand RNA virus that causes an acute viral hepatitis in humans. Among its eight recognized genotypes, HEV-3 and HEV-4 are zoonotic, infecting humans, pigs and wild boars. Recently, HEV-3 has been also detected in red deer, which represents another reservoir of HEV. Consumption of raw pork products (mainly liver sausages), undercooked wild boar meat, raw wild boar liver and deer meat has been responsible for foodborne HEV human worldwide. From November 2018 to March 2019, liver samples collected from 97 wild boars hunted in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) were tested for HEV RNA. The hunting area included two territories for an extension of 33 km2, named A (about 13 km2, natural park, deciduous wood) and B (about 20 km2, cultivated fields in proximity of a river) areas. Distance between the two areas ranged between 8 to 10 km. A total of 73 wild boars were hunted in area A, and 24 in area B. HEV RNA was detected by Realtime RT–PCR in 23/73 liver samples of wild boars living in area A only (31.5% - 95% CI: 22.0-42.8%). The HEV sequences (n=13) clustered within genotype 3. The majority of positives belonged to animals < 12 months (12/25; 48%), followed by subadults (13-24 months) (7/16; 43.8%) and adults (4/32; 12.5%). This difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0024). In absence of pig farms, the restriction of HEV-positive animals to a well-defined territory of 13 km2 (Boschi di Carrega Regional Park) could hypothetically be related to the presence of red deer (Cervus elaphus), which lived in area A at the beginning of the hunting season. Further studies are needed to confirm or deny our hypothesis.

Chronically infected wild boar can transmit genotype 3 hepatitis E virus to domestic pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Schlosser ◽  
Ariel Vina-Rodriguez ◽  
Christine Fast ◽  
Martin H. Groschup ◽  
Martin Eiden
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Domestic Pigs

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Diversity: Phylogenetic Analysis and Presence of Subtype 3b in Wild Boar in Europe

Viruses ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2704-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Vina-Rodriguez ◽  
Josephine Schlosser ◽  
Dietmar Becher ◽  
Volker Kaden ◽  
Martin Groschup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype

scholarly journals Serologic and molecular survey for hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Central Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mazzei ◽  
R. Nardini ◽  
R. Verin ◽  
M. Forzan ◽  
A. Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Molecular Survey
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