Modelling the number of dermal lesions in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and its associated factors in Herat province, western Afghanistan, during 2012–2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2692-2701
Author(s):  
Eisa Nazar ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani Charati ◽  
Hossein Pazoki ◽  
Azadeh Saki ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dermal Lesions

scholarly journals Nanoemulsified Butenafine for Enhanced Performance against Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Adriana Bezerra-Souza ◽  
Jéssica A. de Jesus ◽  
Márcia D. Laurenti ◽  
Aikaterini Lalatsa ◽  
Dolores R. Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Dermal Lesions

The production of ergosterol lipid involves the activity of different enzymes and is a crucial event for the Leishmania membrane homeostasis. Such enzymes can be blocked by azoles and allylamines drugs, such as the antifungal butenafine chloride. This drug was active on parasites that cause cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Based on the leishmanicidal activity of butenafine chloride and considering the absence of reports about the therapeutic potential of this drug in cutaneous leishmaniasis, the present work is aimed at analyzing the efficacy of butenafine formulated in two different topical delivery systems, the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (BUT-SNEDDS) and in a SNEDDS-based nanogel (BUT-SNEDDS gel) as well as in the free form in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Physical studies showed that both formulations were below 300 nm with low polydispersity (<0.5) good colloidal stability (around -25 mV). Increased steady-state flux was reported for nanoenabled butenafine formulations with reduced lag time in Franz cell diffusion assays across Strat-M membranes. No toxic or inflammatory reactions were detected in animals treated with BUT-SNEDDS, BUT-SNEDDS gel, or butenafine. Animals topically treated with butenafine (free or nanoformulated) showed small dermal lesions and low tissue parasitism. Furthermore, BUT-SNEDD gel and butenafine presented similar efficacy than the standard drug Glucantime given by the intralesional route. Increased levels of IFN-γ were observed in animals treated with BUT-SNEDDS gel or butenafine. Based on these data, the antifungal drug butenafine chloride can be considered an interesting repurposed drug for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Treatment Methods of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Previous Data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-767
Author(s):  
Nasrin Rezaee ◽  
Vahid Raissi ◽  
Ahmad Rajaeipour ◽  
Mehdi Nazari ◽  
Muhammad Getso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Western Iran

scholarly journals Distribution and turnover of Langerhans cells during delayed immune responses in human skin.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kaplan ◽  
A Nusrat ◽  
M D Witmer ◽  
I Nath ◽  
Z A Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Birbeck Granules ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
Dermal Lesions

The changes in distribution and turnover of T6+ Langerhans cells (LC) in the skin during delayed immune responses to tuberculin, and in the lesions of tuberculoid leprosy and cutaneous Leishmaniasis were investigated. In each situation, there was a dermal accumulation of monocytes and T cells and epidermal thickening with keratinocyte Ia expression. In the tuberculin response a dramatic change in the distribution of LC was observed. By 41 h, T6+ LC were displaced to the upper zone of the thickening epidermis followed by an almost complete loss of LC from the epidermis by approximately 72 h. After 7 d, T6+ cells started to reappear in the epidermis, which regained almost normal numbers of T6+ LC by 14 d. After antigen administration and initiation of the delayed immune response, enhanced numbers of T6+ cells appeared in association with the mononuclear cell infiltrate of the upper dermal lesions. Their numbers peaked by 72 h, were reduced at 7 d, and again enhanced by 14 d, when the epidermis was being repopulated. Similar numbers of T6+ cells were found in the chronic lesions of tuberculoid leprosy and cutaneous Leishmaniasis but not lepromatous leprosy. The cells of the dermis were identified as typical LC by the presence of Birbeck granules and surface T6 antigen at the electron microscope level. These cells were closely associated with lymphocytes. We have quantified the number of LC, evaluated their directional flux into the epidermis and dermis, determined nearest neighbors, and made predictions as to their fate.

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