scholarly journals The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot‐and‐mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Omondi ◽  
Francis Gakuya ◽  
Jonathan Arzt ◽  
Abraham Sangula ◽  
Ethan Hartwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Omondi ◽  
Francis Gakuya ◽  
Jonathan Arzt ◽  
Abraham Sangula ◽  
Ethan Hartwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Transmission of pathogens at wildlife-livestock interfaces poses a substantial challenge to the control of infectious diseases, including for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in African buffalo and cattle. The extent to which buffalo play a role in the epidemiology of this virus in livestock populations remains unresolved in East Africa. Here, we show that FMDV occurs at high seroprevalence (~77%) in Kenyan buffalo. In addition, we recovered 80 FMDV VP1 sequences from buffalo, all of which were serotype SAT1 and SAT2, and seventeen FMDV VP1 sequences from cattle, which included serotypes A, O, SAT1 and SAT2. Notably, six individual buffalo were co-infected with both SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes. Our results suggest that transmission of FMDV between sympatric cattle and buffalo is rare. However, viruses from FMDV outbreaks in cattle elsewhere in Kenya were caused by viruses closely related to SAT1 and SAT2 viruses found in buffalo. We also show that the circulation of FMDV in buffalo is influenced by fine-scale geographic features, such as rivers, and that social segregation amongst sympatric herds may limit between-herd transmission. Our results significantly advance knowledge of the ecology and molecular epidemiology of FMDV at wildlife-livestock interfaces in Eastern Africa, and will help to inform the design of control and surveillance strategies for this disease in the region.

scholarly journals Tracing foot-and-mouth disease virus phylogeographical patterns and transmission dynamics.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jara ◽  
Alba Frias-De-Diego ◽  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
Guy Baele ◽  
Gustavo Machado
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Fmdv Serotypes ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has proven its potential to propagate across local and international borders on numerous occasions, but yet details about the directionality of the spread along with the role of the different host in transmission remain unexplored. To elucidate FMDV global spread characteristics, we studied the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of serotypes O, A, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3, based on more than 50 years of phylogenetic and epidemiological information. Results Our results revealed phylogeographic patterns, dispersal rates, and the role of host species in the dispersal and maintenance of virus circulation. Contrary to previous studies, our results showed that three serotypes were monophyletic (O, A, and Asia1), while all SATs serotypes did not evidence a defined common ancestor. Root state posterior probability (RSPP) analysis suggested Belgium as the country of origin for serotype O (RSPP= 0.27). India was the ancestral country for serotypes A (RSPP= 0.28), and Asia-1 (RSPP= 0.34), while Uganda appeared as the most likely origin country of all SAT serotypes (RSPP> 0.45). Furthermore, we identified the key centers of dispersal of the virus, being China, India and Uganda the most important ones. Bayes factor analysis revealed cattle as the major source of the virus for most of the serotypes (RSPP> 0.63), where the most important host-species transition route for serotypes O, A, and Asia1 was from cattle Bos taurus to swine Sus scrofa domesticus (BF>500), while, for SAT serotypes was from B. taurus to African buffalo Syncerus caffer. Conclusions This study provides significant insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of the global circulation of FMDV serotypes, by characterizing the viral routes of spread at serotype level, especially uncovering the importance of host species for each serotype in the evolution and spread of FMDV which further improve future decisions for more efficient control and eradication.

scholarly journals Tracing foot-and-mouth disease virus phylogeographical patterns and transmission dynamics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jara ◽  
Alba Frias-De-Diego ◽  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
Guy Baele ◽  
Gustavo Machado
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Fmdv Serotypes ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has proven its potential to propagate across local and international borders on numerous occasions, but yet details about the directionality of the spread along with the role of the different host in transmission remain unexplored. To elucidate FMDV global spread characteristics, we studied the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of serotypes O, A, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3, based on more than 50 years of phylogenetic and epidemiological information. Our results revealed phylogeographic patterns, dispersal rates, and the role of host species in the dispersal and maintenance of virus circulation. Contrary to previous studies, our results showed that three serotypes were monophyletic (O, A, and Asia1), while all SATs serotypes did not evidence a defined common ancestor. Root state posterior probability (RSPP) analysis suggested Belgium as the country of origin for serotype O (RSPP=0.27). India was the ancestral country for serotypes A (RSPP= 0.28), and Asia-1 (RSPP= 0.34), while Uganda appeared as the most likely origin country of all SAT serotypes (RSPP> 0.45). Furthermore, we identified the key centers of dispersal of the virus, being China, India and Uganda the most important ones. Bayes factor analysis revealed cattle as the major source of the virus for most of the serotypes (RSPP> 0.63), where the most important host-species transition route for serotypes O, A, and Asia1 was from cattle Bos taurus to swine Sus scrofa domesticus (BF>500), while, for SAT serotypes was from B. taurus to African buffalo Syncerus caffer. This study provides significant insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of the global circulation of FMDV serotypes, by characterizing the viral routes of spread at serotype level, especially uncovering the importance of host species for each serotype in the evolution and spread of FMDV which further improve future decisions for more efficient control and eradication.

Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe

1994 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dawe ◽  
F. Flanagan ◽  
R. Madekurozwa ◽  
K. Sorensen ◽  
E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Modeling the role of carrier and mobile herds on foot-and-mouth disease virus endemicity in the Far North Region of Cameroon

Epidemics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 100355
Author(s):  
Patrick M Schnell ◽  
Yibo Shao ◽  
Laura W Pomeroy ◽  
Joseph H Tien ◽  
Mark Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Far North ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 5132-5140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Maree ◽  
Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist ◽  
Simon Gubbins ◽  
Fuquan Zhang ◽  
Julian Seago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) circulates as multiple serotypes and strains in many regions of endemicity. In particular, the three Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes are maintained effectively in their wildlife reservoir, the African buffalo, and individuals may harbor multiple SAT serotypes for extended periods in the pharyngeal region. However, the exact site and mechanism for persistence remain unclear. FMD in buffaloes offers a unique opportunity to study FMDV persistence, as transmission from carrier ruminants has convincingly been demonstrated for only this species. Following coinfection of naive African buffaloes with isolates of three SAT serotypes from field buffaloes, palatine tonsil swabs were the sample of choice for recovering infectious FMDV up to 400 days postinfection (dpi). Postmortem examination identified infectious virus for up to 185 dpi and viral genomes for up to 400 dpi in lymphoid tissues of the head and neck, focused mainly in germinal centers. Interestingly, viral persistencein vivowas not homogenous, and the SAT-1 isolate persisted longer than the SAT-2 and SAT-3 isolates. Coinfection and passage of these SAT isolates in goat and buffalo cell lines demonstrated a direct correlation between persistence and cell-killing capacity. These data suggest that FMDV persistence occurs in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissue but that the duration of persistence is related to virus replication and cell-killing capacity.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious acute vesicular disease in domestic livestock and wildlife species. African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are the primary carrier hosts of FMDV in African savannah ecosystems, where the disease is endemic. We have shown that the virus persists for up to 400 days in buffaloes and that there is competition between viruses during mixed infections. There was similar competition in cell culture: viruses that killed cells quickly persisted more efficiently in passaged cell cultures. These results may provide a mechanism for the dominance of particular viruses in an ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document