scholarly journals Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maodong Zhang ◽  
Janet E. Hill ◽  
Champika Fernando ◽  
Trevor W. Alexander ◽  
Edouard Timsit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing

scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta-analysis of injectable antibiotic options for the control of bovine respiratory disease in the first 45 days post arrival at the feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
A. M. O'Connor ◽  
D. Hu ◽  
S. C. Totton ◽  
N. Scott ◽  
C. B. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Biological Index

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of antibiotics used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle on feedlots. The information sources for the review were: MEDLINE®, MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE® Daily, AGRICOLA, Epub Ahead of Print, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, the Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, World Buiatrics Conference, and the United States Food and Drug Administration Freedom of Information New Animal Drug Applications summaries. The eligible population was weaned beef cattle raised in intensive systems. The interventions of interest were injectable antibiotics used at the time the cattle arrived at the feedlot. The outcome of interest was the diagnosis of BRD within 45 days of arrival at the feedlot. The network meta-analysis included data from 46 studies and 167 study arms identified in the review. The results suggest that macrolides are the most effective antibiotics for the reduction of BRD incidence. Injectable oxytetracycline effectively controlled BRD compared with no antibiotics; however, it was less effective than macrolide treatment. Because oxytetracycline is already commonly used to prevent, control, and treat BRD in groups of feedlot cattle, the use of injectable oxytetracycline for BRD control might have advantages from an antibiotic stewardship perspective.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease—A Broad Cross-Sectional Study of Beef Cattle at Entry Into Canadian Feedlots

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Andrés-Lasheras ◽  
Reuben Ha ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Catrione Lee ◽  
Calvin W. Booker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histophilus Somni

A broad, cross-sectional study of beef cattle at entry into Canadian feedlots investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, bacterial members of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Upon feedlot arrival and before antimicrobials were administered at the feedlot, deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,824 feedlot cattle in southern and central Alberta, Canada. Data on the date of feedlot arrival, cattle type (beef, dairy), sex (heifer, bull, steer), weight (kg), age class (calf, yearling), source (ranch direct, auction barn, backgrounding operations), risk of developing BRD (high, low), and weather conditions at arrival (temperature, precipitation, and estimated wind speed) were obtained. Mannheimia haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles associated with the presence of integrative and conjugative elements were isolated more often from dairy-type than from beef-type cattle. Our results showed that beef-type cattle from backgrounding operations presented higher odds of AMR bacteria as compared to auction-derived calves. Oxytetracycline resistance was the most frequently observed resistance across all Pasteurellaceae species and cattle types. Mycoplasma bovis exhibited high macrolide minimum inhibitory concentrations in both cattle types. Whether these MDR isolates establish and persist within the feedlot environment, requires further evaluation.

Overview of the North American beef cattle industry and the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delbert G. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
21St Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

AbstractThe North American beef cattle industry has endured many changes throughout the years but is encountering some of the most dramatic challenges in history during the first decade of the 21st century. The US beef cattle inventory increased from 1990 to a high of 103.5 million in 1996 and since has declined to a low of 94.5 million on 1 January 2009. Even though economic signals have encouraged the cow herd to increase over the last 5 years, a significant decrease occurred during 2008. It is difficult to determine the precise cost of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) to the industry but it is reported to be greater than US$500 million per year. Data from our practice indicate that losses from BRD over the last 18 years have been characterized by 5-year cycles of decreases and increases. Perhaps it is time for the industry to look for ways to reduce death loss by methods that focus on the animal's response to the pathogens instead of continuing to focus on the pathogens.

scholarly journals Comprehensive at-arrival transcriptomic analysis of post-weaned beef cattle uncovers type I interferon and antiviral mechanisms associated with bovine respiratory disease mortality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250758
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Scott ◽  
Amelia R. Woolums ◽  
Cyprianna E. Swiderski ◽  
Andy D. Perkins ◽  
Bindu Nanduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Unmapped Reads

Background Despite decades of extensive research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the most devastating disease in beef cattle production. Establishing a clinical diagnosis often relies upon visual detection of non-specific signs, leading to low diagnostic accuracy. Thus, post-weaned beef cattle are often metaphylactically administered antimicrobials at facility arrival, which poses concerns regarding antimicrobial stewardship and resistance. Additionally, there is a lack of high-quality research that addresses the gene-by-environment interactions that underlie why some cattle that develop BRD die while others survive. Therefore, it is necessary to decipher the underlying host genomic factors associated with BRD mortality versus survival to help determine BRD risk and severity. Using transcriptomic analysis of at-arrival whole blood samples from cattle that died of BRD, as compared to those that developed signs of BRD but lived (n = 3 DEAD, n = 3 ALIVE), we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated pathways in cattle that died of BRD. Additionally, we evaluated unmapped reads, which are often overlooked within transcriptomic experiments. Results 69 DEGs (FDR<0.10) were identified between ALIVE and DEAD cohorts. Several DEGs possess immunological and proinflammatory function and associations with TLR4 and IL6. Biological processes, pathways, and disease phenotype associations related to type-I interferon production and antiviral defense were enriched in DEAD cattle at arrival. Unmapped reads aligned primarily to various ungulate assemblies, but failed to align to viral assemblies. Conclusion This study further revealed increased proinflammatory immunological mechanisms in cattle that develop BRD. DEGs upregulated in DEAD cattle were predominantly involved in innate immune pathways typically associated with antiviral defense, although no viral genes were identified within unmapped reads. Our findings provide genomic targets for further analysis in cattle at highest risk of BRD, suggesting that mechanisms related to type I interferons and antiviral defense may be indicative of viral respiratory disease at arrival and contribute to eventual BRD mortality.

scholarly journals Multipopulational Transcriptome Analysis of Post-Weaned Beef Cattle at Arrival Further Validates Candidate Biomarkers for Predicting Clinical Bovine Respiratory Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Scott ◽  
Amelia Woolums ◽  
Cyprianna Swiderski ◽  
Andy Perkins ◽  
Bindu Nanduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Leukocyte Activity ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Bovine Genome Assembly

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. The objective of this investigation was to contrast the at-arrival blood transcriptomes from cattle derived from two distinct populations that developed BRD in the 28 days following arrival versus cattle that did not. 48 blood samples from two populations were selected for mRNA sequencing based on even distribution of development (n=24) or lack of (n=24) clinical BRD within 28 days following arrival. Sequenced reads (~50M/sample, 150 bp paired-end) were aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 bovine genome assembly. 132 unique DEGs were identified between groups stratified by disease severity (healthy, n=24; treated_1, n=13; treated_2+, n=11) with edgeR (FDR < 0.05). DEGs in treated_1 relative to both healthy and treated_2+ were predicted to increase neutrophil activation, cellular cornification/keratinization, and antimicrobial peptide production. DEGs in treated_2+ relative to both healthy and treated_1 were predicted to increase alternative complement activation, decrease leukocyte activity, and increase nitric oxide production. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated from expression data for six DEGs identified in our current and previous studies (MARCO, CFB, MCF2L, ALOX15, LOC100335828 (aka CD200R1), and SLC18A2) demonstrated good-to-excellent predictability for classifying disease occurrence and severity. This investigation identifies candidate biomarkers and functional mechanisms in at arrival blood that predicted development and severity of BRD.

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