Hepatitis E Virus: A Cross-Sectional Serological and Virological Study in Pigs and Humans at Zoonotic Risk within a High-Density Pig Farming Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1443-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Caruso ◽  
S. Peletto ◽  
A. Rosamilia ◽  
P. Modesto ◽  
L. Chiavacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Farming Area ◽  
Virological Study ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

scholarly journals Cross-sectional Seroprevalence and Genotype of Hepatitis E Virus in Humans and Swine in a High-density Pig-farming Area in Central China

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Shu ◽  
Yameng Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhou ◽  
Shoude Zhang ◽  
Qin Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
High Density ◽  
Central China ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Farming Area

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in animals in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna ◽  
Sebastien Kenmoe ◽  
Fredy Brice N. Simo ◽  
Marie A. Amougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Language Restriction

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans worldwide and have high burden in the resource-limited countries. Better knowledge of the epidemiology of hepatitis in animals in Africa can help to understand the epidemiology among humans. The objective of this study was to summarize the prevalence of HEV infection and distribution of HEV genotypes among animals in Africa. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online, and Africa Index Medicus from January 1st, 2000 to March 22th, 2020 without any language restriction. We considered cross-sectional studies of HEV infection in animals in Africa. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality of included studies were done independently by two investigators. Prevalence data were pooled using the random-effects meta-analysis. This review was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018087684. Results Twenty-five studies (13 species and 6983 animals) were included. The prevalence (antibodies or ribonucleic acid [RNA]) of HEV infection in animals varied widely depending on biological markers of HEV infection measured: 23.4% (95% confidence interval; 12.0–37.2) for anti-HEV immunoglobulins G, 13.1% (3.1–28.3) for anti-HEV immunoglobulins M, and 1.8% (0.2–4.3) for RNA; with substantial heterogeneity. In subgroup analysis, the immunoglobulins G seroprevalence was higher among pigs 37.8% (13.9–65.4). The following HEV genotypes were reported in animals: Rat-HEV genotype 1 (rats and horses), HEV-3 (pigs), HEV-7 (dromedaries), and Bat hepeviruses (bats). Conclusions We found a high prevalence of HEV infection in animals in Africa and HEV genotypes close to that of humans. Some animals in Africa could be the reservoir of HEV, highlighting the need of molecular epidemiological studies for investigating zoonotic transmission.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in risk populations and blood donors in a referral hospital in the south of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Boff Costa ◽  
Michele Soares Gomes Gouvêa ◽  
Samira Chuffi ◽  
Gustavo Hirata Dellavia ◽  
Felipe Ornel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Populations At Risk

AbstractThe prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies has a high heterogeneity worldwide. South American data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in populations at risk in comparison to blood donors (BD). A cross-sectional study was carried out in adults of different risk populations including crack users (CK), residents in a low income area (LIA), cirrhotic (CIR) and liver transplant patients (LT) compared with BD. The WANTAI HEV ELISA test was used and real-time PCR (in-house for screening and ALTONA as confirmatory test) for HEV RNA screening. A total of 400 participants were included. Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 19.5% of the total sample, reaching the highest rate in the CIR group, 22.5%, followed by CK, LT, and LIA (20%, 18.7%, and 17.5%, respectively). The prevalence found in BD individuals was of 18.7% (p = NS). Anti-HEV IgM was positive in only 1.5% of the sample (6/400). No blood or stools samples were positive for HEV RNA. The seroprevalence reported is among the highest rates ever found in Brazil. Considering the intense diagnostic investigation, data show that HEV circulation is more common that might be expected in our country.

scholarly journals Wild Boar as a Sylvatic Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Population Study

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Iwona Kozyra ◽  
Artur Jabłoński ◽  
Ewelina Bigoraj ◽  
Artur Rzeżutka
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Molecular Assessment

The most important wildlife species in the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are wild boars, which are also the main reservoir of the virus in a sylvatic environment. The aim of the study was a serological and molecular assessment of the prevalence of HEV infections in wild boars in Poland. In total, 470 pairs of samples (wild boar blood and livers) and 433 samples of faeces were tested. An ELISA (ID.vet, France) was used for serological analysis. For the detection of HEV RNA, real-time (RT)-qPCR was employed. The presence of specific anti-HEV IgG antibodies was found in 232 (49.4%; 95%CI: 44.7–54%) sera, with regional differences observed in the seroprevalence of infections. HEV RNA was detected in 57 (12.1%, 95%CI: 9.3–15.4%) livers and in 27 (6.2%, 95%CI: 4.1–8.9%) faecal samples, with the viral load ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 × 1011 G.C./g and 38 to 9.3 × 107 G.C./mL, respectively. A correlation between serological and molecular results of testing of wild boars infected with HEV was shown. HEV infections in wild boars appeared to be common in Poland.

Hepatitis E Virus: A Novel Opportunistic Pathogen in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4137-4137
Author(s):  
Jurjen Versluis ◽  
Suzan D Pas ◽  
Erik Agteresch ◽  
Rob A de Man ◽  
Albert Osterhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alternative Donor ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Abstract 4137 Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries. It may cause an acute, most times self-limiting viral hepatitis in healthy individuals. However, persistent chronic infection and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients, such as recipients of solid organ transplantation, have recently been reported. Sofar, the incidence and sequela of hepatitis due to HEV is unknown in recipients of allogenic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Following two recent cases, we set out to evaluate the point prevalence and clinical sequela of HEV infection in a recent cohort of alloHSCT recipients. 328 patients who received an alloHSCT between January 2006 and July 2011 were included. Recent follow-up plasma samples taken after transplantation were screened for the presence of HEV RNA by real-time PCR. In addition, available plasma samples from all episodes with CTC grade 2–4 liver function abnormalities were retrospectively screened for HEV RNA. Chronic HEV infection was defined as having HEV RNA in serum or plasma lasting for more than 6 months. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine genotype and to exclude a common source of infection and to examine potential HEV reactivation. The cohort included 178 male and 150 female patients with a median age at transplantation of 50 (range: 17–66) years. Stem cell sources and donors included sibling donors (n=149), unrelated donors (n=141), and 48 umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts. 207 episodes of liver function abnormalities were evaluated in addition to the cross-sectional RT-PCR analysis. In total, eight cases (2.4%) of HEV were found, of which six were found in cross-sectional RT-PCR analysis and two by evaluation of abnormal liver functions. Furthermore, HEV specific IgG could be detected prior to alloHSCT in 12.9% of the patients. Two patients (0.6%) were IgM positive, though HEV viremia could not be detected by PCR. Phylogenetic analyses did not reveal a common viral strain in these patients. The median age of HEV infected patients was 56 (range 39–66) months, with 5 males and 3 females. All eight patients were transplanted with grafts from an alternative donor, including MUD (n=5) and UCB (n=3). The median time from alloHSCT to infection was 4.6 (range: 2–18) months and the median duration of HEV infection was 6.4 (range: 2–42) months. The median of maximum PT (ALAT) values at infection was 289 (range: 138–1507) U/l, and median of maximum ferritin levels prior to infection was 1842 (range: 104–5049) ug/l. At the time of infection, six patients were receiving intensive immunosuppression, prescribed for prevention of GVHD (n=2) or for GVHD treatment (n=4). HEV infected patients were mistakenly diagnosed before as hepatic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (n=5), or drug-toxicity (n=3). Remarkably, one patient presented with two episodes of viremia with negative HEV PCR in between, characterized as viral reactivation by identical HEV ORF2 sequences, while no HEV specific IgG or IgM antibodies were developed. Five patients failed to rapidly clear HEV and developed chronic HEV infection. Four patients died with HEV viremia and signs of ongoing hepatitis, whereas four other patients cleared HEV within a median period of 8.8 (range: 2–42) months, containing two patients with chronic hepatitis and fibrosis diagnosed with liver biopsy. In conclusion, although HEV is a relatively infrequent opportunistic pathogen after alloHSCT, HEV may be associated with persistent viremia and the development of chronic active hepatitis, especially in recipients of alternative donor alloHSCT. In addition, recipients of alloHSCT with positive serology for hepatitis E prior transplantation may develop viral reactivation leading to hepatitis. Given the relative frequent diagnosis of hepatic GVHD and/or drug associated liver toxicity, a differential diagnosis including hepatitis E is mandatory. Future alloHSCT recipients from endemic area's should be screened for hepatitis E prior to transplantation and may be monitored during episodes of intensive immunnosuppressive therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
W Nargis ◽  
BU Ahamed ◽  
S Zabeen ◽  
F Alam ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

scholarly journals A study of serum electrolytes level in viral hepatitis E patients in a tertiary care hospital of south Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Ravi Shah ◽  
Parshv Shah ◽  
Hemant Shah ◽  
Nilesh Doctor
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: the aim of the study was to find and understand the relation between electrolytes and viral hepatitis E. To study electrolyte abnormality in patients with hepatitis E virus (HEV).Methods: This study is a single centre cross sectional study on the patients with HEV infection. Consecutive cases affected with HEV-at department of medicine, SMIMER (Surat Municipal institute of medical education and research) hospital, Surat during the period of 1 year (July-2019 to June-2020) are taken up for the study.Results: Abnormal electrolytes are associated with higher mortality in patients infected with HEV.Conclusions: A higher mean serum creatinine, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT; lower total protein, albumin, and abnormal electrolytes in body fluid (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++) values are associated with higher mortality in patients infected with HEV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Infection in a Northern Mexican City: A Cross-Sectional Seroprevalence Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme ALVARADO-ESQUIVEL ◽  
Ada Agustina SANDOVAL-CARRILLO ◽  
José Manuel SALAS-PACHECO ◽  
Elizabeth Irasema ANTUNA-SALCIDO ◽  
Karla Sujey CASTRO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seroprevalence Study

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