scholarly journals Challenges for Serology-Based Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Endemic Areas; Identification of Two Separate Lineages of Serotype O FMDV in Uganda in 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Namatovu ◽  
G. J. Belsham ◽  
C. Ayebazibwe ◽  
M. T. Dhikusooka ◽  
S. N. Wekesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Clinical and histopathological studies on neurodegeneration and dysautonomia in buffalo calves during foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1622-1630
Author(s):  
Yasmin Bayoumi ◽  
Nader Sobhy ◽  
Abdelkarem Morsi ◽  
Wafaa El-Neshwey ◽  
Nora El-Seddawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Malignant Group

Background and Aim: Signs of dysautonomia were frequently observed in calves that died during foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) outbreaks in Egypt from 2015 to 2018. This study aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological features of the central nervous system in malignant cases of FMD and excluding possible concurrent bacterial, and bovine herpes virus 4 (BHV4) infections or both. Materials and Methods: In this study, 335 FMDV-infected buffalo calves aged 1-22 months were clinically examined and followed until recovery or death. Of the 335 calves, 134 died (malignant group) and 201 recovered after exhibiting classic symptoms of FMD (recover group). The calves were subjected to clinical examination. For the malignant group, several laboratory trials were conducted to assess the possible cause/s of dysautonomia-related viral, bacterial, or concurrent infections. Koch's postulates and polymerase chain reaction were employed. Postmortem and histopathological examinations of nervous tissue were performed. Results: In the malignant group, signs of dysautonomia were observed before death, including partial or complete gut dysfunction, loss of anal sphincter tone, rapid breathing sounds, fluctuating body temperature, and cardiac arrhythmias. In the malignant group, histopathological examination of the spinal cord, pons, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and cerebrum revealed demyelination, neuronal degeneration, and focal areas of malacia and gliosis. The nervous tissue and heart samples from malignant cases were positive for serotype O FMDV. Conclusion: Findings revealed in this study support the existence of neurodegeneration induced by FMDV infection in buffalo calves.

Selection and characterization of an acid-resistant mutant of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Liang ◽  
Decheng Yang ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Frank Banda ◽  
Yona Sinkala ◽  
Liywalli Mataa ◽  
Phiyani Lebea ◽  
Tingiya Sikombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Risk Areas

The livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD outbreaks in Zambia during 2015–2020, comprising epithelial tissues samples (n = 47) and sera (n = 120), were analysed. FMD virus was serotyped in 26 samples, while 92 sera samples tested positive on NSP-ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed notable changes in the epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, which included: (i) introduction of a novel FMDV SAT-3 (topotype II) causing FMD cases in cattle in Western Province; (ii) emergence of FMDV serotype O (topotype O/EA-2) in Central, Southern, Copperbelt, Western, Lusaka Provinces; and (iii) new outbreaks due to SAT -2 (topotypes I) in Eastern Zambia. Together, these data describe eight different epizootics that occurred in Zambia, four of which were outside the known FMD high-risk areas. This study highlights the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, where the country represents an interface between East Africa (Pool 4) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). These changing viral dynamics have direct impacts on FMD vaccine selection in the SADC region.

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