Allopatric divergence and secondary contact without genetic admixture for Arichanna perimelaina (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), an alpine moth endemic to the Hengduan Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINXIN LI ◽  
NAN JIANG ◽  
RUI CHENG ◽  
DAYONG XUE ◽  
YANHUA QU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Allopatric Divergence

scholarly journals Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Chiocchio ◽  
Jan. W. Arntzen ◽  
Iñigo Martínez-Solano ◽  
Wouter de Vries ◽  
Roberta Bisconti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Genetic Lineages

AbstractGenetic diversity feeds the evolutionary process and allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of why hotspots of genetic diversity are so 'hot'. Here, we analysed the relative contribution of bioclimatic stability and genetic admixture between divergent lineages in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the common toad Bufo bufo along the Italian peninsula. We combined population genetic, phylogeographic and species distribution modelling (SDM) approaches to map ancestral areas, glacial refugia, and secondary contact zones. We consistently identified three phylogeographic lineages, distributed in northern, central and southern Italy. These lineages expanded from their ancestral areas and established secondary contact zones, before the last interglacial. SDM identified widespread glacial refugia in peninsular Italy, sometimes located under the present-day sea-level. Generalized linear models indicated genetic admixture as the only significant predictor of the levels of population genetic diversity. Our results show that glacial refugia contributed to preserving both levels and patterns of genetic diversity across glacial-interglacial cycles, but not to their formation, and highlight a general principle emerging in Mediterranean species: higher levels of genetic diversity mark populations with substantial contributions from multiple genetic lineages, irrespective of the location of glacial refugia.

scholarly journals Implications of intraspecific behavioral interactions on the evolution of the mbuna cichlids of Lake Malawi and the effects of a small class intervention on a group of at-‐risk undergraduate students

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Thomas Mellor
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Female Preference ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Allopatric Divergence ◽  
Male Contests

The rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Malawi, the mbuna, are a model system of rapid, sympatric diversification of vertebrates. Though sexual selection has often been invoked to explain their radiation, the best evidence to date suggests that female choice and male-male interactions act to reinforce incipient, allopatric divergence upon secondary contact. First, I expand on the evidence previously gathered on male-male interactions at the inter-population level, by examining within-population behavioral patterns that could explain the diversification of this lineage. Specifically, I measure female preference for conspecific males who are in social isolation and those who are in groups of interacting males. I found that females show preference for males who score higher in male-male contests. In chapter two, I measure the effect of these male-male interactions on female choice and show that these interactions do affect female preference. By controlling the outcome of each male-male interaction, I show that female preference is affected by the male-male contests themselves. In chapter three, I measure the reflectance of brightly colored, territorial males and look for a correlation between color-similarity and level of aggression between two males. Males show more aggression towards similarly colored conspecific rivals than they do towards rivals who are more differently colored. In chapter four, I measure male reproductive success and the chromatic, behavioral, and territorial traits that affect it. Male color does predict reproductive success. Given my desire to integrate scholarship into every aspect of my academic career, I undertake an investigation on students who are at risk for leaving college because of low academic performance. I describe the social and psychological issues affecting the high rate of college attrition and the effects of a small scale class intervention on student retention, GPA, locus of control, and academic self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Radiation and hybridization of the Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica) in Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B. Roland ◽  
Juan C. Santos ◽  
Bella C. Carriker ◽  
Stephanie N. Caty ◽  
Elicio E. Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Pattern ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Poison Frogs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification ◽  
Aposematic Signals

AbstractGeographic variation of color pattern in the South American poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) is an intriguing evolutionary phenomenon. These chemically defended anurans use bright aposematic colors to warn potential predators of their unpalatibility. However, aposematic signals are frequency-dependent and individuals deviating from a local model are at a higher risk of predation. The well-known examples of Batesian and Müllerian mimics, hymenopterans (wasps and bees) and Heliconius butterflies, both support the benefits of unique models with relatively high frequencies. However, extreme diversity in the aposematic signal has been documented in the poison frogs of the genus Dendrobates, especially in the Oophaga subgenus. Here we investigate the phylogenetic and genomic differentiations among populations of Oophaga sylvatica, which exhibit one of the highest phenotypic diversification among poison frogs. Using a combination of PCR amplicons (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and genome wide markers from a double-digested RAD data set, we characterize 13 populations (12 monotypic and 1 polytypic) across the O. sylvatica distribution. These populations are mostly separated in two lineages distributed in the Northern and the Southern part of their range in Ecuador. We found relatively low genetic differentiation within each lineage, despite considerable phenotypic variation, and evidence suggesting ongoing gene flow and genetic admixture among some populations of the Northern lineage. Overall these data suggest that phenotypic diversification and novelty in aposematic coloration can arise in secondary contact zones even in systems where phenotypes are subject to strong stabilizing selection.

scholarly journals Allopatric Divergence, Secondary Contact, and Genetic Isolation in Wild Yeast Populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi A. Kuehne ◽  
Helen A. Murphy ◽  
Chantal A. Francis ◽  
Paul D. Sniegowski
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Wild Yeast ◽  
Allopatric Divergence

scholarly journals Maintenance of Fungal Pathogen Species That Are Specialized to Different Hosts: Allopatric Divergence and Introgression through Secondary Contact

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gladieux ◽  
E. Vercken ◽  
M. C. Fontaine ◽  
M. E. Hood ◽  
O. Jonot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Allopatric Divergence

DNA barcoding and species delimitation: the Stylodrilus heringianus case (Annelida : Clitellata : Lumbriculidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Achurra ◽  
Christer Erséus
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Allopatric Divergence ◽  
Phylogeographic History

Individuals of the aquatic oligochaete species Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède, 1862 were collected across a part of this species’ distribution range in Sweden, Estonia, Great Britain and Spain to test whether they represent a single metapopulation or several separately evolving lineages. Using sequences of the barcoding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and two nuclear genes (internal transcribed spacer region and histone 3), three different approaches were conducted: pairwise distance-method, Bayesian inference and network analysis. Both the COI phylogeny and network analyses were concordant in recovering six haplotype clusters, which showed a maximum genetic distance of 7.7% (K2P) among each other. Nevertheless, nuclear genes failed to confirm any lineage separation, and we conclude that the sampled specimens all belong to the same species. A phylogeographic history with allopatric divergence and secondary contact is suggested to explain this intraspecific pattern of mitochondrial divergence and nuclear non-divergence. The study shows that a mitochondrial single-locus approach can be problematic for the accurate delimitation of species, and we emphasise the need for nuclear genes as supplementary markers, when taxonomic resolution is assessed with COI barcodes.

scholarly journals Allopatric divergence and hybridization within Cupressus chengiana (Cupressaceae), a threatened conifer in the northern Hengduan Mountains of western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1250-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Li ◽  
Richard I. Milne ◽  
Dafu Ru ◽  
Jibin Miao ◽  
Wenjing Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western China ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Allopatric Divergence ◽  
Cupressus Chengiana

Allopatric divergence and secondary contact with gene flow: a recurring theme in rattlesnake speciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew R Schield ◽  
Blair W Perry ◽  
Richard H Adams ◽  
Daren C Card ◽  
Tereza Jezkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Crotalus Viridis ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Allopatric Divergence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

Abstract The study of recently diverged lineages whose geographical ranges come into contact can provide insight into the early stages of speciation and the potential roles of reproductive isolation in generating and maintaining species. Such insight can also be important for understanding the strategies and challenges for delimiting species within recently diverged species complexes. Here, we use mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to study population structure, gene flow and demographic history across a geographically widespread rattlesnake clade, the western rattlesnake species complex (Crotalus cerberus, Crotalus viridis, Crotalus oreganus and relatives), which contains multiple lineages with ranges that overlap geographically or contact one another. We find evidence that the evolutionary history of this group does not conform to a bifurcating tree model and that pervasive gene flow has broadly influenced patterns of present-day genetic diversity. Our results suggest that lineage diversity has been shaped largely by drift and divergent selection in isolation, followed by secondary contact, in which reproductive isolating mechanisms appear weak and insufficient to prevent introgression, even between anciently diverged lineages. The complexity of divergence and secondary contact with gene flow among lineages also provides new context for why delimiting species within this complex has been difficult and contentious historically.

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