scholarly journals The economics of liming in arable crop rotations: analysis of the 35‐year Rothamsted and Woburn liming experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Holland ◽  
Karl Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Arable Crop

scholarly journals Review of key causes and sources for N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub>-leaching from organic arable crop rotations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Hansen ◽  
Randi Berland Frøseth ◽  
Maria Stenberg ◽  
Jarosław Stalenga ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
N2o Fluxes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are on average less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production, they are not smaller per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being an environmentally friendly production system, these emissions should be mitigated. We discuss the impact of possible triggers within organic arable farming practice for the risk of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching under European climatic conditions, and possible strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations can be characterised as diverse with frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilizers. The soil organic matter content and share of active organic matter, microbial and faunal activity are higher, soil structure better and yields lower, than in non-organic, arable crop rotations. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN), N2O emissions and NO3 leaching are low under growing crops, but there is high potential for SMN accumulation and losses after crop termination or crop harvest. The risk for high N2O fluxes is increased when large amounts of herbage or organic fertilizers with readily available nitrogen (N) and carbon are incorporated into the soil or left on the surface. Freezing/thawing, drying/rewetting, compacted and/or wet soil and mixing with rotary harrow further enhance the risk for high N2O fluxes. These complex soil N dynamics mask the correlation between total N-input and N2O emissions from organic arable crop rotations. Incorporation of N rich plant residues or mechanical weeding followed by bare fallow increases the risk of nitrate leaching. In contrast, strategic use of deep-rooted crops with long growing seasons in the rotation reduces nitrate leaching risk. Reduced tillage can reduce N leaching if yields are maintained. Targeted treatment and use of herbage from green manures, crop residues and catch crops will increase N efficiency and reduce N2O emissions and NO3 leaching. Continued regular use of catch crops has the potential to reduce NO3 leaching but may enhance N2O emissions. A mixture of legumes and non-legumes (for instance grasses or cereals) are as efficient a catch crop as monocultures of non-legume species.

Soil microarthropod assemblages under different arable crop rotations in Alberta, Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.R. Osler ◽  
L. Harrison ◽  
D.K. Kanashiro ◽  
M.J. Clapperton
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Soil Microarthropod

Supplementary material to "Review of key causes and sources for N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub>-leaching from organic arable crop rotations"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Hansen ◽  
Randi Berland Frøseth ◽  
Maria Stenberg ◽  
Jarosław Stalenga ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Supplementary Material

Is organic agriculture in line with the EU-Nitrate directive? On-farm nitrate leaching from organic and conventional arable crop rotations

2020 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 106964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Biernat ◽  
Friedhelm Taube ◽  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Eu

Effect of climate change on greenhouse gas emissions from arable crop rotations

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Gitte H. Rubæk ◽  
Tove Heidmann ◽  
Søren Hansen ◽  
Christen D. Børgensen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Arable Crop

Effects on earthworm populations of reducing pesticide use in arable crop rotations

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Tarrant ◽  
S.A. Field ◽  
S.D. Langton ◽  
A.D.M. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Earthworm Populations

Economic efficiency of tillage in grain-steam-arable crop rotations on rainfed lands of the republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Bekmurod Dusiyarovich Khaidarov ◽  
Khasan Yusupov ◽  
Javlon Abdurakhmanovich Nishonov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2795-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissel Hansen ◽  
Randi Berland Frøseth ◽  
Maria Stenberg ◽  
Jarosław Stalenga ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract. The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) from agricultural cropping systems have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production on average, they are roughly similar per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being environmentally friendly, these loadings must be addressed. We discuss the impact of possible drivers of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching within organic arable farming practice under European climatic conditions, and potential strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations are generally diverse with the frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilisers. The soil organic matter content and the share of active organic matter, soil structure, microbial and faunal activity are higher in such diverse rotations, and the yields are lower, than in non-organic arable cropping systems based on less diverse systems and inorganic fertilisers. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN), N2O emissions and NO3 leaching are low under growing crops, but there is the potential for SMN accumulation and losses after crop termination, harvest or senescence. The risk of high N2O fluxes increases when large amounts of herbage or organic fertilisers with readily available nitrogen (N) and degradable carbon are incorporated into the soil or left on the surface. Freezing/thawing, drying/rewetting, compacted and/or wet soil and mechanical mixing of crop residues into the soil further enhance the risk of high N2O fluxes. N derived from soil organic matter (background emissions) does, however, seem to be the most important driver for N2O emission from organic arable crop rotations, and the correlation between yearly total N-input and N2O emissions is weak. Incorporation of N-rich plant residues or mechanical weeding followed by bare fallow conditions increases the risk of NO3 leaching. In contrast, strategic use of deep-rooted crops with long growing seasons or effective cover crops in the rotation reduces NO3 leaching risk. Enhanced recycling of herbage from green manures, crop residues and cover crops through biogas or composting may increase N efficiency and reduce N2O emissions and NO3 leaching. Mixtures of legumes (e.g. clover or vetch) and non-legumes (e.g. grasses or Brassica species) are as efficient cover crops for reducing NO3 leaching as monocultures of non-legume species. Continued regular use of cover crops has the potential to reduce NO3 leaching and enhance soil organic matter but may enhance N2O emissions. There is a need to optimise the use of crops and cover crops to enhance the synchrony of mineralisation with crop N uptake to enhance crop productivity, and this will concurrently reduce the long-term risks of NO3 leaching and N2O emissions.

Carbon footprints of crops from organic and conventional arable crop rotations – using a life cycle assessment approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Trydeman Knudsen ◽  
Andreas Meyer-Aurich ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Ngonidzashe Chirinda ◽  
John E. Hermansen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Assessment Approach
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