Simulating the effects of improving field drainage on environmental impacts of inorganic phosphorus pollution of waterbodies from livestock farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm B. McGechan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Field Drainage

scholarly journals Implications of Temperate Agroforestry on Sheep and Cattle Productivity, Environmental Impacts and Enterprise Economics. A Systematic Evidence Map

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Jordon ◽  
Kathy J. Willis ◽  
William J. Harvey ◽  
Leo Petrokofsky ◽  
Gillian Petrokofsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Temperate Agroforestry ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Context Specific

The environmental impacts of ruminant livestock farming need to be mitigated to improve the sustainability of food production. These negative impacts have been compounded by the increased spatial and cultural separation of farming and forestry across multiple temperate landscapes and contexts over recent centuries, and could at least in part be alleviated by re-integration of livestock and trees via agroforestry systems. Such integration also has the potential to benefit the productivity and economics of livestock farming. However, the delivery of hoped-for benefits is highly likely to depend on context, which will necessitate the consideration of local synergies and trade-offs. Evaluating the extensive body of research on the synergies and trade-offs between agroforestry and environmental, productivity and economic indicators would provide a resource to support context-specific decision making by land managers. Here, we present a systematic evidence map of academic and grey literature to address the question “What are the impacts of temperate agroforestry systems on sheep and cattle productivity, environmental impacts and farm economic viability?”. We followed good practice guidance from the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence to find and select relevant studies to create an interactive systematic map. We identified 289 relevant studies from 22 countries across temperate regions of North and South America, Australasia and Europe. Our preliminary synthesis indicates that there is an emerging evidence base to demonstrate that temperate agroforestry can deliver environmental and economic benefits compared with pasture without trees. However, to date measures of livestock productivity (particularly weather-related mortality and heat- and cold-stress) have received insufficient attention in many temperate agroforestry systems. The evidence base assembled through this work provides a freely accessible resource applicable across temperate regions to support context-specific decision making.

scholarly journals (In)Sustainability of the Territory of Chapada Do Apodi-Rn (Brazil): The Expansion of Agribusiness versus the Impacts of Traditional Farmers and Local Rural Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9173
Author(s):  
Jorge Luís de Oliveira Pinto Filho ◽  
Alana Ticiane Alves do Rêgo ◽  
Anderson Rodrigo da Silva Lunes ◽  
Lucio Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Interaction Matrix ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Livestock Farming

The objective of this study is to investigate the conditions of family agriculture and the respective environmental impacts of agribusiness. The research methodology is grounded on a theoretical survey of study descriptions of the area, a characterization of rural communities and local population through interviews, an identification of medium and large agricultural enterprises through documentary research on environmental licensing processes, and determination of the environmental impacts of agribusiness via an interaction matrix. Based on the data generated, it was found that the majority of the population has an incomplete elementary education; is involved in agricultural activity, livestock farming, and honey production, which provide a family income of up to one minimum wage; and is located in rural communities with environmental sanitation restrictions. Moreover, it was found that irrigated agriculture has positive impacts, such as the generation of employment and income. It was also evidenced that this activity causes adverse socioeconomic impacts and adverse impacts on the traditional activities of local rural communities through plant removal, water scarcity, and pesticide use. Thus, to mitigate the problems, it is necessary to apply the principles of Brazilian Environmental Law as correlated with the instruments of the National Environment Policy through environmental management guidelines.

Comparative study of two watershed scale models to calculate diffuse phosphorus pollution

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Swat Model ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
River Loads ◽  
Phosphorus Emission

The aim of this study was to compare and assess models having different principles to calculate diffuse phosphorus emissions on a selected watershed. The empirical MONERIS model and the physically based SWAT model were evaluated for comparative purposes. The approaches were applied for a sub-basin of the Hungarian Zala River watershed for five years. The calculated river loads were checked by the measured values at the catchment outlet. Due to the dissimilar results of water balance and erosion calculations, a highly different phosphorus emission was computed. It was also concluded that in the case of transport-limited watersheds, the SWAT model calculates phosphorus river loads slightly inaccurately, since it does not include the description of fate of inorganic phosphorus interacting with sediment during the channel transport. When these processes are taken into account, modeling results fit better the measured loads. The MONERIS model calculates acceptable river load by assuming very intensive in-stream retention. Additionally, the empirical method can be useful for long-term investigations as a decisions support tool for preliminary design. However, for detailed emission assessment and scenario development the physically based approach seems to be more appropriate.

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