Is it a four‐star movement? Policy transformation and the U.S. women's national soccer team's campaign for equal pay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley English
Keyword(s):  
Equal Pay ◽  
Policy Transformation ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals From the President: Productive Engagement in Salary Equity

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Pauletta Brown Bracy
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
American Library Association ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
American Library ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
Salary Equity ◽  
Advocacy Program ◽  
Predominately Female ◽  
The U.S

Former American Library Association President Maurice Freedman launched a campaign of awareness and action during his 2002-2003 tenure. He appointed the Better Salaries and Pay Equity Task Force which published a helpful resource, Advocating for Better Salaries and Pay Equity Toolkit (2003). The task force’s pay equity advocacy program is founded on the reality of a predominately female workforce which is less well paid than those in fields of comparable work dominated by males. Simply defined, pay equity means that all people receive equal pay for work regardless of race or gender. Salaries of librarians regrettably lag behind those of other professions. In 2002, the average estimated salary of librarians was $44,430, according to the U.S. Department of Labor National Occupational Employment and Wages Survey. Pertaining to type of library, the following salaries were posted:

scholarly journals FIFA, Forced Arbitration, and the U.S. Soccer Lawsuits

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Steven A. Bank
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Equal Pay Act ◽  
The U.S

American soccer has been besieged by lawsuits. In the last two years alone, the United States Soccer Federation (“U.S. Soccer”) has been hit with two antitrust lawsuits, two Equal Pay Act and Title VII gender discrimination lawsuits, and a trademark lawsuit, while two of its professional league members are engaged in their own trademark lawsuit. One threshold question that has received scant attention in the media is whether these disputes should be in federal court at all. Under the Statutes and Regulations of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (“FIFA”), soccer’s global governing organization, all disputes are required to be arbitrated. Taking a dispute to an ordinary court of law is potentially subject to sanction, which could include suspension or even expulsion. Given this forced arbitration rule, this article considers several possible explanations for why there has been no push to arbitrate the disputes in most of the lawsuits: (1) The enforceability of FIFA’s arbitration requirement has been called into question by recent rulings against forced arbitration clauses; (2) FIFA focuses the enforcement of its arbitration requirement on certain types of cases; (3) FIFA does not consider certain types of claims subject to arbitration; and (4) U.S. Soccer’s bylaws do not impose the arbitration requirement in such a way as it would apply to these types of cases. Although none of these entirely resolve the matter in a satisfactory way, in the aggregate they may help to define the emerging limits to arbitration for sports governing bodies in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Equal Pay for Equal Work? Evidence from Sweden and a Comparison with Norway and the U.S.

2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Meyersson Milgrom ◽  
Trond Petersen ◽  
Vemund Snartland
Keyword(s):  
Equal Pay ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
The U.S

Job Evaluation Versus Market Pricing: Competing or Combining Methods of Pay Determination?

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Armstrong ◽  
Duncan Brown
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Job Evaluation ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Market Pricing ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Combining Methods

The authors review what is happening to job evaluation today and conclude that while formal job evaluation schemes are still common, especially in the United Kingdom, research shows that the trend is towards simpler approaches. It is noted that market pricing dominates the U.S. scene, but in the United Kingdom, while market pricing is practiced extensively, achieving internal equity and demonstrating equal pay are still a major concern reported by practitioners: hence the prevalence evident in surveys of analytical job evaluation schemes. However, the trend in the United Kingdom is to consign point factor schemes into a subsidiary or supporting role and rely more on analytical matching or levelling techniques. The authors end their article with illustrations of the pragmatic approaches being adopted by U.K. organizations in combining traditional and market-driven pay determination approaches, as reported by respondents to a special e-reward research survey.

scholarly journals Male-Female Pay Inequity and Public Policy in Canada and the U.S.

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh c. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Comparable Worth ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
The U.S

This paper provides a detailed review of the empirical studies that have attempted to disaggregate the observed earnings differentials between men and women into discriminatory and non-discriminatory components. It also examines the existing public policy on equal pay including the equal value/comparable worth concept. A U.S.-Canada perspective is used to see if the two countries have dealt differently with the problem they commonly face.

Why U.S. Corporations should Get Out of South Africa

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Ann Seidman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
The U.S

In evaluating the consequences of the $1.7 billion currently invested by U.S. corporations in South Africa, the issue is distinctly not whether or not the U.S. firms involved have adopted the Sullivan Principles. Those principles, purportedly designed to ensure upgrading and equal pay for blacks, are in reality little more than a smokescreen. Behind their rhetoric, U.S. transnational corporations continue to help South Africa build up its military-industry machinery to perpetuate oppression of the majority of black workers.

Why U.S. Corporations Should Get out of South Africa

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Ann Seidman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
The U.S

In evaluating the consequences of the $1.7 billion currently invested by U.S. corporations in South Africa, the issue is distinctly not whether or not the U.S. firms involved have adopted the Sullivan Principles. Those principles, purportedly designed to ensure upgrading and equal pay for blacks, are in reality little more than a smokescreen. Behind their rhetoric, U.S. transnational corporations continue to help South Africa build up its military-industry machinery to perpetuate oppression of the majority of black workers.

Historical Introduction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
R. D. Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This program has been organized by the EMSA to commensurate the 50th anniversary of the experimental verification of the wave nature of the electron. Davisson and Germer in the U.S. and Thomson and Reid in Britian accomplished this at about the same time. Their findings were published in Nature in 1927 by mutual agreement since their independent efforts had led to the same conclusion at about the same time. In 1937 Davisson and Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for demonstrating the wave nature of the electron deduced in 1924 by Louis de Broglie.The Davisson experiments (1921-1927) were concerned with the angular distribution of secondary electron emission from nickel surfaces produced by 150 volt primary electrons. The motivation was the effect of secondary emission on the characteristics of vacuum tubes but significant deviations from the results expected for a corpuscular electron led to a diffraction interpretation suggested by Elasser in 1925.

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