Racial Politics and the Presidency: Analyzing White House Visits by Professional Sports Teams

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-919
Author(s):  
Kendall L. Bailey ◽  
Austin Trantham
Keyword(s):  
Racial Politics ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
White House

scholarly journals Problematizing Olympic Nationality

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Peter J. Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Solidarity

One can hope that the convening of the Tokyo Olympics will be a cause for global celebration. Tokyo could prove a focal point for international solidarity, a moment of relief and release after all of humanity faced down an insidious, invisible, and largely indiscriminate attacker. Unified as we otherwise may be, athletes will still come to the Games as representatives of nation-states. That may be an unavoidable organizing principle. Less justifiable will be the requirement that athletes be nationals of the states they play for. Under the Olympic Charter and the rules of particular sporting federations, athletes are subject to a non-state nationality regime that restricts the capacity of individuals to compete for countries for whose delegations they would otherwise qualify. This regime looks to maintain the putative integrity of Olympic competition by maintaining the unity of sporting and sociological national identity. But that legacy of the twentieth century no longer works in the twenty first. Nationality and associated criteria for participant eligibility undermine the autonomy of athletes and the quality of participation. The rules can no longer guarantee any affective tie between athlete and nation, instead arbitrarily enabling some, but not all, to compete on the basis of citizenship decoupled from identity. We don't require that athletes playing for our professional sports teams hale from the cities they represent. There's no reason why we need to require more of our Olympic athletes.

Municipal subsidiary policy toward professional sports teams

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Galily ◽  
Fany Yuval ◽  
Michael Bar‐Eli
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Sports Teams

Displaying Race for Dollars: Racial Realism in Media and Entertainment

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Skrentny
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
The Public ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Racial Realism

This chapter explores racial realism in the advertising and entertainment industries (movies, TV, and professional sports). These cases are distinctive because they are almost totally focused on racial signaling—the image of the worker is very much the product that the employers are selling. Racial signaling is thus common in all of them, though rarer in sports than the other sectors, especially in the last few decades. Hence, the chapter shows that civil rights law does not authorize these practices. It also examines the possibility that television shows' dependence on use of federally regulated airwaves, and sports teams' dependence on the public financing of stadiums might provide legal openings for racial realism in these sectors. Since this employment sector is about expression, this chapter also explores possible First Amendment defenses for these employers, and shows that at least one court has found a constitutionally protected freedom to discriminate.

scholarly journals Korean Business Groups and Performance of Group-Affiliated Professional Sport Teams: Focusing on the Asian Financial Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6888
Author(s):  
Youngshin Woo ◽  
Wooseok Choi ◽  
Insik Min ◽  
Mugoan Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of Korean business groups, chaebols, on the sporting performance of their affiliated professional sports teams using game data from 1983 to 2013. We investigated whether or not chaebol ownership of professional sports teams is more efficient than non-chaebol ownership in achieving athletic success on the field of play. Our empirical evidence found that the chaebol-affiliated teams are more likely to be the league winners or finalists than non-chaebol teams are. We also tested the relationship between the financial crisis in the wider economy that deflates firm resources and athletic outcomes in the affiliated teams. In the tests, which divide the sample period into three 10-year periods, the results of two sub-samples (1983–1993 and 2004–2013) were in line with previous results. We, however, identified an exception when chaebol teams did not play in more final matches of a league between 1994 and 2003, the time interval that includes the period of drastic restructuring of business groups during the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Sport Psychology Delivery in Elite and Professional Sport: Reflections From Experienced Sport Psychologists

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McDougall ◽  
Mark Nesti ◽  
David Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Multiple Relationships ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
Insight Into

The challenges encountered by sport psychologists operating within elite and professional sports teams have arguably been inadequately considered (Nesti, 2010). It has been suggested that this may be due to the inaccessibility of elite team environments (Eubank, Nesti, & Cruickshank, 2014; Nesti, 2010). The purpose of this research was to examine the challenges facing practitioners who operate in elite environments and to illuminate how these were experienced. Qualitative interviews with six experienced applied sport psychologists were conducted and a narrative themed analysis undertaken. Four main themes emerged as most prevalent and meaningful: challenges to congruence, a broader role: managing multiple relationships, the influence of elite sport cultures, and surviving and thriving were presented in narrative form. Practitioners provided experiential insight into how specific challenges were understood and dealt with, and how they are able to provide an effective service while managing themselves and the demands of the environment.

scholarly journals Women’s team sports in the activities of the University Sports Association in Poland in 1945–1989

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Michał Skalik
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Team Games ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Football Field ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

The emergence of women’s team sports in University Sports Association (Akademicki Związek Sportowy – AZS) in Poland took place in the second decade of the 20th century. In the 1930s female student teams competed in Polish championships in Czech handball, basketball and volleyball. After the Second World War, team games continued to be popularized in the academic community. Women participated in university, inter-university and international competitions in basketball, handball and volleyball. A competition had the greatest popularity in of the Academic Polish Championship and the Polish Championship of Higher Education Institutions. In addition, sports teams representing AZS participated in professional sports in basketball, football, field hockey, handball and volleyball. In the professional sport most successes had teams AZS Warsaw, AZS Wrocław, AZS Katowice and AZS Poznań. The development of team sports games in the academic community was related to, among others with the decisions of institutions managing physical culture in Poland in 1945–1989. These guidelines had an impact on organizational changes in the structures of AZS and on shaping the academic model of sports competition.

scholarly journals The Mediation Effect of Overall Brand Equity between Brand Superiority and Media Consumption Behaviours of Sport Team Consumers During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (122) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Kadir Yağiz
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
The Relationship

Background. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is paramount to investigate how to influence professional sport team consumers’ behaviours towards media consumption, which is an indirect consumption of sports products with importance raised by the lockdown. The effect of brand superiority, one of the essential consumer judgments about the brands, on some behavioural intentions of sport team consumers was examined before; however, the role of brand superiority and overall brand equity on media consumption behaviours in pandemic conditions lacked empirical investigation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between brand superiority, overall brand equity and media consumption behaviours among professional sports teams’ consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The participants of this quantitative study were 232 volunteer football (soccer) consumers who support a team in the Turkish Super Football League. The data was collected in 3 weeks using the online convenience sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used in data analyses, and direct and indirect paths tested by the bootstrapping method. Results. The results of the study showed that brand superiority did not have a direct effect on media consumption behaviours of sport team consumers. Besides, overall brand equity had a direct effect on media consumption behaviours and mediated the relationship between brand superiority and media consumption behaviours. Conclusions. The evidence in this study indicates sport managers that the cognitive judgement of sport consumers, generally related to the more functional aspect of a sports product alone not an efficient way to directly influence sport team consumers toward media consumption behaviours even in COVID-19 pandemic. Brand equity, however, found to be an effective tool to address for directing sport team consumers’ behaviours toward media consumption in the extraordinary circumstance currently exist.  Keywords: branding, sports industry, spectator sports, professional sports teams, sports consumers.

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